{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T02:03:06Z","timestamp":1791252186804,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,31]],"date-time":"2012-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351641600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc. Nutr. Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Vitamin D status may influence the risk of developing metabolic diseases such as Type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance (IR). Several studies have assessed vitamin D in relationship with metabolic outcomes; however, results remain inconsistent. A systematic review and meta-analysis using multiple databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE), was performed up to 10 August 2012. Prospective studies reporting association of circulating or dietary vitamin D with incident T2D, MetS and IR outcomes were included. Relative risks (RR) were pooled using random effects and subgroup analysis by pertinent study-level characteristics was performed. A total of seventeen articles based on eighteen unique prospective studies, and comprising 210 107 participants with 15 899 metabolic events, collected during a median follow up of 10 years (range 3\u201322 years), were included. RR for individuals in top\n                    <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>\n                    . bottom thirds of baseline vitamin D were 0\u00b781 (95% CI 0\u00b771, 0\u00b792); 0\u00b786 (95% CI 0\u00b780, 0\u00b792); and 0\u00b784 (95% CI 0\u00b764, 1\u00b712) for T2D, MetS and IR outcomes, respectively. Moderate heterogeneity was found between fourteen studies (\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a067%,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b7001) reporting on T2D. Findings were generally consistent across various study-level characteristics. In conclusion, vitamin D status at baseline in apparently healthy adults is inversely associated with future risks of T2D and MetS. Interventions aimed at maintaining adequate levels of vitamin D in addition to preventing deficiency may be a useful preventive measure for metabolic diseases. However, reliable evidence from carefully designed intervention studies, particularly those based on healthy populations, is needed to confirm observational findings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0029665112002765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,30]],"date-time":"2012-10-30T05:11:27Z","timestamp":1351573887000},"page":"89-97","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Vitamin D, type 2 diabetes and other metabolic outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Hassan","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Setor","family":"Kunutsor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar 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