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These drugs, such as galantamine and rivastigmine, attenuate the decline in the cholinergic system but, as the alkaloids occupy the most dangerous end of the phytochemical spectrum (indeed they function as feeding deterrents and poisons to other organisms within the plant itself), they are often associated with unpleasant side effects. In addition, these cholinesterase inhibiting alkaloids target only one system in a disorder, which is typified by multifactorial deficits. The present paper will look at the more benign terpene (such as<jats:italic>Ginkgo biloba<\/jats:italic>, Ginseng,<jats:italic>Melissa officinalis<\/jats:italic>(lemon balm) and<jats:italic>Salvia lavandulaefolia<\/jats:italic>(sage)) and phenolic (such as resveratrol) phytochemicals; arguing that they offer a safer alternative and that, as well as demonstrating efficacy in cholinesterase inhibition, these phytochemicals are able to target other salient systems such as cerebral blood flow, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammation, inhibition of amyloid-\u03b2 neurotoxicity, glucoregulation and interaction with other neurotransmitters (such as \u03b3-aminobutyric acid) and signalling pathways (e.g. via kinase enzymes).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0029665116002962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T08:45:13Z","timestamp":1485938713000},"page":"106-112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Potential benefits of phytochemicals against Alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Emma L.","family":"Wightman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0029665116002962_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/0944-7113-00082"},{"key":"S0029665116002962_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v63n0703"},{"key":"S0029665116002962_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.1.224"},{"key":"S0029665116002962_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1242817"},{"key":"S0029665116002962_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-17366"},{"key":"S0029665116002962_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.8.2073S"},{"key":"S0029665116002962_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm036"},{"key":"S0029665116002962_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705688"},{"key":"S0029665116002962_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881105053286"},{"key":"S0029665116002962_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199612)11:12<1063::AID-GPS532>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"S0029665116002962_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(99)00212-9"},{"key":"S0029665116002962_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.07.010"},{"key":"S0029665116002962_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007614613771"},{"key":"S0029665116002962_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2009.07.020"},{"key":"S0029665116002962_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-008-9861-z"},{"key":"S0029665116002962_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157016109788340767"},{"key":"S0029665116002962_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000278116.37320.52"},{"key":"S0029665116002962_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Birks J , Evans JG (2009) Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia. 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