{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T08:36:24Z","timestamp":1773304584390,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Nutr. Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This review summarises evidence relating to a potential role for vitamin D supplementation in the prevention or treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Laboratory studies show that the active vitamin D metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D induces innate antiviral responses and regulates immunopathological inflammation with potentially favourable implications for the host response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Meta-analyses of cross-sectional, case-control and longitudinal studies report consistent protective associations between higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations or vitamin D supplement use and reduced risk and severity of COVID-19. However, Mendelian randomisation studies testing for associations between genetically predicted circulating 25(OH)D concentrations and COVID-19 outcomes have yielded consistently null results. Positive findings from observational epidemiological studies may therefore have arisen as a result of residual or unmeasured confounding or reverse causality. Randomised controlled trials of prophylactic or therapeutic vitamin D supplementation to reduce risk or severity of COVID-19 reporting to date have yielded inconsistent findings. Results of further intervention studies are pending, but current evidence is insufficient to support routine use of vitamin D supplements as a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for COVID-19, or as an adjunct to augment immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Accordingly, national and international bodies have not made any recommendations regarding a role for vitamin D in the prevention or treatment of COVID-19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0029665122002798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T07:05:57Z","timestamp":1668150357000},"page":"200-207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Vitamin D in the prevention or treatment of COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5387-1721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian R.","family":"Martineau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0029665122002798_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Arora, J , Nicols, MJ , Patel, D (2022) Vitamin D and the ability to produce 1,25(OH)2D are critical for protection from viral infection of the lungs. BioRxiv. 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