{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T22:08:41Z","timestamp":1793138921995,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729123200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Nutr. Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Loss of skeletal muscle strength and mass (sarcopenia) is common in older adults and associated with an increased risk of disability, frailty and premature death. Finding cost-effective prevention and treatment strategies for sarcopenia for the growing ageing population is therefore of great public health interest. Although nutrition is considered an important factor in the aetiology of sarcopenia, its potential for sarcopenia prevention and\/or treatment is still being evaluated. Nutrition research for sarcopenia utilises three main approaches to understand muscle-nutrition relationships, evaluating: single nutrients, whole foods and whole diet effects \u2013 both alone or combined with exercise. Applying these approaches, we summarise recent evidence from qualitative and quantitative syntheses of findings from observational and intervention studies of healthy older adults, and those with sarcopenia. We consider protein supplements, whole foods (fruits and vegetables) and the Mediterranean diet as exemplars. There is some evidence of beneficial effects of protein supplementation \u2265 0\u00b78 g\/kg body weight\/d on muscle mass when combined with exercise training in intervention studies of healthy and sarcopenic older adults. In contrast, evidence for effects on muscle function (strength and physical performance) is inconclusive. There is reasonably consistent epidemiological evidence suggesting benefits of higher fruits and vegetables consumption for better physical performance. Similarly, higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with beneficial effects on muscle function in observational studies. However, intervention studies are lacking. This review discusses how current evidence may inform the development of preventive and intervention strategies for optimal muscle ageing and nutritional public policy aimed at combatting sarcopenia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0029665124007432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T05:15:32Z","timestamp":1729142132000},"page":"340-355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Nutrition in the prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle ageing and sarcopenia: a single nutrient, a whole food and a whole diet approach"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9247-899X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoneta","family":"Granic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University"},{"name":"Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avan A","family":"Sayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University"},{"name":"Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University"},{"name":"Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1766-7269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sian M","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University"},{"name":"Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.08.015"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101460"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422421000329"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11040745"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JND-200568"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15041026"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13062028"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2023.105022"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02296-6"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2022.02.004"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nux042"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afac003"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2019.04.001"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15051104"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaa011"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111931"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00260"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaa064"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155533"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665123003555"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-12-73"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.125781"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.968814"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref35","first-page":"244","article-title":"Myoprotective whole foods, muscle health and sarcopenia in older adults","volume":"27","author":"Granic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2013.01.014"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afv192"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.14059"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17238758"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-023-01157-1"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S245595"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2019.1632258"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab051"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-4220-z"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11152359"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010219"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1100918"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00061.2017"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.3.475"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa049"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665120008010"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20230319"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref129","first-page":"476","article-title":"A randomized study on the effect of dried fruit on acid-base balance, diet quality, and markers of musculoskeletal health in community dwelling adults","volume":"42","author":"Ceglia","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Nutr Assoc"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.748882"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00874"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15092039"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030743"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2020.12.009"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12783"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169548"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12580"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.09.015"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20123-1"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref144","first-page":"1872","article-title":"Description of indexes based on the adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern: a review","volume":"32","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12238"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114522001787"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12503"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2024030"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.09.023"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2012.2557"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu057"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.09.026"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16070941"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515005309"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051441"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.05.021"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15132963"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100184"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afx034"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref44","first-page":"70","article-title":"Nutritional intervention improves muscle mass and physical performance in the elderly in the community: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-020-00679-2"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy192"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389203718666170317120040"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13225"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13728"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.89.1.81"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S002966511700194X"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wsbm.1462"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref135","first-page":"811","article-title":"Association between diet quality and sarcopenia in older adults: systematic review of prospective cohort studies","volume":"11","author":"Jang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuaa104"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-1009-y"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155637"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa360"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14071375"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12532"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref139","first-page":"234","article-title":"Novel dietary strategies to manage sarcopenia","volume":"27","author":"Cailleaux","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz200"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-015-2067-1"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref59","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10030308"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155597"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12930"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmab140"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12981"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101611"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab355"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2020.622391"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmac009"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2023.101755"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13241"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afae052"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15143224"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-017-2390-9"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13057"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-024-03370-6"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114518002155"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15153424"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref61","first-page":"12","article-title":"The ageing gastrointestinal tract","volume":"19","author":"Soenen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-017-0993-1"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101731"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref106","article-title":"Vegetables, fruits, and berries \u2013 a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023","author":"Rosell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Nutr Res"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7115459"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.10203"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.204248"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref109","unstructured":"109. Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations (2016) Plates, Pyramids, Planet Developments in National Healthy and Sustainable Dietary Guidelines: A State of Play Assessment. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, The Food Climate Research Network at The University of Oxford. https:\/\/openknowledge.fao.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/4986aec2-a354-4497-8afc-94b562a53e53\/content (accessed April 2024)."},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-021-1675-6"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa014"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27134061"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980013002115"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.659883"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13071"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-014-9915-y"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12922"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9060650"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.07.035"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref131","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mediterranean Diet attenuates risk of frailty and sarcopenia: new insights and future directions","volume":"2","author":"McClure","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref142","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mediterranean diet: the past and the present","volume":"11","author":"Trichopoulou","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140903"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glad038"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2020.tb00136.x"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-016-0780-4"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy169"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2020.101200"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2023.05.011"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuac062"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101395"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081825"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref127","first-page":"333","article-title":"Mediterranean dietary patterns and impaired physical function in older adults","volume":"73","author":"Struijk","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.11.001"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref88","article-title":"Effect of breakfast protein intake on muscle mass and strength in adults: a scoping review","author":"Khaing","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr Rev."},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07348-6"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/af\/vfz038"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10121841"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082257"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.13216"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-022-00658-w"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061755"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref28","first-page":"61","article-title":"Aging affects different human muscles in various ways. An image analysis of the histomorphometric characteristics of fiber types in human masseter and vastus lateralis muscles from young adults and the very old","volume":"15","author":"Kirkeby","year":"2000","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102111"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2018.07.005"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31138-9"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4556"},{"key":"S0029665124007432_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2021.111592"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Nutrition Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0029665124007432","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T08:54:19Z","timestamp":1766134459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0029665124007432\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"references-count":152,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0029665124007432"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0029665124007432","relation":{},"ISSN":["0029-6651","1475-2719"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0029-6651","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2719","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}