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Findings from centenarian populations suggest that low-energy (i.e. foods with low energy density, such as fruit and vegetables, whole grains), nutrient-rich and diverse diets may help prevent or delay age-related diseases, supporting the notion that food could be used as medicine. Moreover, addressing barriers such as food insecurity and limited access to culturally appropriate healthy food options, particularly in low-income and rural communities, is crucial for achieving equitable health outcomes. Finally, the review calls for integrating personalised nutrition strategies into clinical care and public health initiatives. 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