{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T19:45:34Z","timestamp":1760298334733},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,28]],"date-time":"2007-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172620800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":2860,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc. Nutr. Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The prevalence of obesity in children, as in adults, is increasing dramatically. The extent to which this is due to reduced energy expenditure, increased energy intake, or both, is unclear at present. This in part reflects the limitations of existing models of the pre-obese state. In childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), patients typically gain weight excessively during and after 2 years of therapy, and are at high risk of becoming obese. Previous studies have failed to identify the cause of obesity in these patients. We have tested the hypothesis that excess weight gain in ALL is due to reduced total energy expenditure (TEE), measured using the doubly-labelled water method, and have identified risk factors for excess weight gain in ALL. Pre-obese children with ALL in the dynamic phase of weight gain are less physically active than their peers, with a reduced TEE of approximately 1.2 (95 % CI 0.2, 2.2) MJ\/d. While other factors might contribute to excess weight gain, lifestyle (i.e. reduced habitual physical activity) plays a central role in ALL. Several considerations suggest that ALL might be a useful model of the pre-obese state: lifestyle is critical to development of obesity in ALL; ALL is relatively common; approximately 70 % of patients survive; patients are readily accessible during the 2 years of therapy and beyond.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0029665199000385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,25]],"date-time":"2011-02-25T11:17:50Z","timestamp":1298632670000},"page":"277-281","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Childhood leukaemia: a model of pre-obesity"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"J. C.","family":"Ventham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. J.","family":"Reilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198908000-00018"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)08086-5"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.72.1.97-a"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref042","first-page":"33A","article-title":"Pattern and timing of excess weight gain in Scottish children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","volume":"57","author":"Ventham","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref013","first-page":"16","article-title":"The story of childhood leukaemia","volume":"2","author":"Eden","year":"1994","journal-title":"MRC News"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref001","first-page":"274 Abstr","article-title":"Body composition after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","volume":"23","author":"Armburst","year":"1994","journal-title":"Medical and Pediatric Oncology"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00458.x"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199507000-00015"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199705001-01192"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70258-X"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nu.11.070191.002035"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70436-6"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199708000-00001"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref036","first-page":"3051","article-title":"Long term survivors of childhood cancer have an increased risk of manifesting the metabolic syndrome","volume":"81","author":"Talevensaari","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpo.2950240403"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.76.4.298"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.7002.437"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199810000-00015"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref006","first-page":"727","article-title":"Energy expenditure in early infancy and later body fatness","volume":"15","author":"Davies","year":"1991","journal-title":"International Journal of Obesity"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199601000-00029"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.70.1.58"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.1.95","article-title":"Nutritional status of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a longitudinal study","volume":"65","author":"Delbecque-Boussard","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.73.1.25"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref004","first-page":"108","article-title":"Evaluation of a group of leukaemic children towards their inclusion in physical activities","volume":"2","author":"Calzolari","year":"1985","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Cardiology"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199708073370606"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref024","first-page":"1130","article-title":"Resting metabolic rate and obesity in childhood ALL","volume":"20","author":"Reilly","year":"1996","journal-title":"International Journal of Obesity"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref037","first-page":"E317","article-title":"Effects of glucocorticoids on energy metabolism and food intake in humans","volume":"271","author":"Tataranni","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198802253180801"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.67.2.229"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00009.x"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/59.5.955","article-title":"Critical periods in childhood for the development of obesity","volume":"59","author":"Dietz","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199507133330202"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1992.10.1.128"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199506153322407"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043426-198624000-00005"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/260698a0"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12722.x"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.60.9.832"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/57.5.679","article-title":"Effect of chemotherapy on energy and protein metabolism of children near the end of treatment for ALL","volume":"57","author":"Vaisman","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(96)70136-1","article-title":"Is reduced metabolic rate associated with obesity?","volume":"129","author":"Dietz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00150.x"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199511000-00027"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1996.02170290022003"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.S2.497","article-title":"Overweight children and adolescents: description, epidemiology and demographics","volume":"101","author":"Troiano","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"S0029665199000385_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.71.2.147"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Nutrition Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0029665199000385","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T11:46:21Z","timestamp":1685965581000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0029665199000385\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0029665199000385"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0029665199000385","relation":{},"ISSN":["0029-6651","1475-2719"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0029-6651","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2719","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]}}}