{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:47:52Z","timestamp":1790365672689,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,28]],"date-time":"2007-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172620800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":2768,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc. Nutr. Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The association between viral disease and nutrition has long been thought to be due to effects on the host immune system. This theory suggests that when a host is malnourished, the immune system is compromised, and thus increased susceptibility to viral infection will occur. However, the virus itself may also be affected by the nutritional status of the host. We have demonstrated that a normally-benign strain of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3\/0) becomes virulent in either Se-deficient or vitamin E-deficient mice. Although the deficient animals are immunosuppressed, the virus itself is also altered. Six nucleotide changes were found in the virus that replicated in the deficient mice, and once these mutations occurred, even mice with normal nutrition became susceptible to disease. Thus, the nutritional status of the host was able to transform an avirulent virus into a virulent one due to genomic changes in the virus. We believe that a common mechanism of oxidative stress is the underlying cause of the genetic changes. Both vitamin E and Se act as antioxidants, and benign virus inoculated into GSH peroxidase (<jats:italic>EC<\/jats:italic> 1.11.1.9)-knockout mice will also convert to virulence due to genomic changes. Our work points to the importance of host nutrition during a viral disease, not only from the perspective of the host, but from the perspective of the viral pathogen as well.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0029665199000920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,25]],"date-time":"2011-02-25T06:25:07Z","timestamp":1298615107000},"page":"707-711","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Selenium and host defence towards viruses"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Melinda A.","family":"Beck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0029665199000920_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02783244"},{"key":"S0029665199000920_ref001","first-page":"31","article-title":"The combined effect of selenium deficiency and viral infection on the myocardium of mice","volume":"2","author":"Bai","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Academy Medical Sinica"},{"key":"S0029665199000920_ref023","first-page":"466","article-title":"Preliminary results of viral etiology of Keshan disease","volume":"59","author":"Su","year":"1979","journal-title":"Chinese Medical Journal"},{"key":"S0029665199000920_ref018","first-page":"344","article-title":"Detection of the enteroviral RNA in paraffin-embedded myocardial tissue from patients with Keshan disease by nested PCR","volume":"75","author":"Li","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chung Hua I Hsueh Tsa"},{"key":"S0029665199000920_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(85)80110-6"},{"key":"S0029665199000920_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/124.3.345","article-title":"Vitamin E deficiency intensifies the myocardial injury of coxsackievirus B3 infection in mice","volume":"124","author":"Beck","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"S0029665199000920_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0595-433"},{"key":"S0029665199000920_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.2.351"},{"key":"S0029665199000920_ref013","first-page":"251","article-title":"Pathology of Keshan disease. A comprehensive review","volume":"96","author":"Gu","year":"1983","journal-title":"Chinese Medical Journal"},{"key":"S0029665199000920_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890430213"},{"key":"S0029665199000920_ref015","first-page":"471","article-title":"Observations on effect of sodium selenite in prevention of Keshan disease","volume":"92","year":"1979","journal-title":"Chinese Medical Journal"},{"key":"S0029665199000920_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.18.1.93"},{"key":"S0029665199000920_ref011","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Molecular Evolution of the Viruses","author":"Domingo","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0029665199000920_ref020","first-page":"393","article-title":"Nutrition and infection","volume":"1","author":"Scrimshaw","year":"1975","journal-title":"Progress in Food Nutrition Science"},{"key":"S0029665199000920_ref019","first-page":"825","article-title":"Viral isolation from cases of epidemic neuropathy in Cuba","volume":"121","author":"Mas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine"},{"key":"S0029665199000920_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(92)90216-C"},{"key":"S0029665199000920_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.12.12.1143","article-title":"Glutathione peroxidase protects mice from viral-induced myocarditis","volume":"12","author":"Beck","year":"1998","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"S0029665199000920_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026010609601000401"},{"key":"S0029665199000920_ref021","volume-title":"Interactions of Nutrition and Infection. WHO Monograph Series","author":"Scrimshaw","year":"1968"},{"key":"S0029665199000920_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00644785"},{"key":"S0029665199000920_ref010","first-page":"161","volume-title":"The Evolutionary Biology of Viruses","author":"Domingo","year":"1994"},{"key":"S0029665199000920_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199511023331803"},{"key":"S0029665199000920_ref016","first-page":"203","article-title":"Effect of Se deficiency and its supplementation on DTH response, antibody forming cells and antibody titre","volume":"36","author":"Kukreja","year":"1998","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Experimental Biology"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Nutrition Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0029665199000920","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T16:45:58Z","timestamp":1557420358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0029665199000920\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,8]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0029665199000920"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0029665199000920","relation":{},"ISSN":["0029-6651","1475-2719"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0029-6651","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2719","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,8]]}}}