{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T09:43:12Z","timestamp":1710409392891},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":10657,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interactions between infections of<jats:italic>Trichinella spiralis<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Nippostrongylus brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>were studied in the NIH strain of mouse which is known to react strongly to<jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic>. The course of<jats:italic>N. brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>infection in this strain of mouse is described and expulsion is shown to be accelerated in immunized mice and inhibited in cortisone-treated mice. There was no evidence of inter-specific competition between the two species of worm in concurrent infections; the number and location of adults of both species were normal and<jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic>was able to grow and reproduce normally. No evidence was found of direct immunological cross-reaction between<jats:italic>N. brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic>as assessed by the kinetics of adult worm numbers on heterologous challenge of immunized mice 90 days after the initiation of the last of 3 immunizing infections. Interaction was observed only when the timing of concurrent infections was such that one species was established in the intestine immediately before the beginning of expulsion of the second species. Interaction was manifested as a premature loss of worms and, in addition, as impairment of growth and fecundity of<jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic>. These effects on<jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic>were similar to those observed as a consequence of a specific immune response to<jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic>. The rapidity of appearance of these effects and the lack of direct cross-immunity between the two species of worm suggest that the events involved in interaction were non-specific in action and possibly due to environmental changes in the gut caused by the immune response. These non-specific effects are therefore analogous, but not necessarily homologous, to the expulsion of these parasites in single species infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000000512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T16:49:10Z","timestamp":1244220550000},"page":"61-72","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Immunologically mediated, non-specific interactions between the intestinal phases of<i>Trichinella spiralis<\/i>and<i>Nippostrongylus brasiliensis<\/i>in the mouse"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"M. W.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182000000512_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000048344"},{"key":"S0031182000000512_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000049507"},{"key":"S0031182000000512_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000048472"},{"key":"S0031182000000512_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(71)90011-7"},{"key":"S0031182000000512_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3275401"},{"key":"S0031182000000512_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(75)90077-6"},{"key":"S0031182000000512_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(75)90019-9"},{"key":"S0031182000000512_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000048332"},{"key":"S0031182000000512_ref014","unstructured":"Jenkins S. 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