{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T22:15:27Z","timestamp":1715984127506},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":10657,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cyclical transmission of different variable antigen types of <jats:italic>Trypanosoma congolense<\/jats:italic> STIB 228 resulted in the development of metacyclic trypanosome populations which were similar in their variable antigen composition as judged by immunofluorescence and neutralization assays. The variable antigen types present in the ingested bloodstream populations were not found in the metacyclic populations. The bloodstream populations which were obtained from cyclically infected, irradiated (900 rad.) mice contained variable antigen types which were not present in the corresponding metacyclic populations. When derivatives of 2 other stocks of <jats:italic>T. congolense<\/jats:italic>, isolated in a different area of Tanzania, underwent cyclical development in the tsetse fly, the metacyclic populations of each stock also had a characteristic variable antigen composition. The metacyclic populations of the 3 stocks were, however, completely dissimilar in variable antigen composition. Simultaneous infection of tsetse flies with a mixture of different stocks resulted in the concurrent production of metacyclic trypanosomes which contained the characteristic variable antigen types of each stock. The effect of cyclical transmission on the process of antigenic variation in <jats:italic>T. congolense<\/jats:italic> infections is therefore similar to that in <jats:italic>T. brucei<\/jats:italic> infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000000573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T16:49:10Z","timestamp":1244220550000},"page":"123-131","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Studies on <i>Trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense<\/i>: III. Antigenic variation in three cyclically transmitted stocks"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"V. M.","family":"Nantulya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. J.","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Jenni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182000000573_ref011","first-page":"43","article-title":"Studies on antigenic variation of cyclically transmitted Trypanosoma congolense","volume":"34","author":"Schlappi","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"S0031182000000573_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-41-2-195"},{"key":"S0031182000000573_ref010","first-page":"339","article-title":"Studies on Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense. II. Observations on the cyclical transmission of three field isolates by Glossina morsitans morsitans","volume":"35","author":"Nantulya","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"S0031182000000573_ref005","first-page":"493","volume-title":"Biology of the Kinetoplastida","author":"Gray","year":"1976"},{"key":"S0031182000000573_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(74)90023-X"},{"key":"S0031182000000573_ref009","first-page":"313","article-title":"Stabilization and preservation of the antigenic specificity of Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei variant-specific surface antigens by mild fixation techniques","volume":"34","author":"Nantulya","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"S0031182000000573_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19182\/remvt.7861"},{"key":"S0031182000000573_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(40)90089-X"},{"key":"S0031182000000573_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-8855-9_4"},{"key":"S0031182000000573_ref018","first-page":"298","article-title":"Evaluation of the haematocrit centrifuge and other techniques for the field diagnosis of human trypanosomiasis and filariasis","volume":"28","author":"Woo","year":"1971","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"S0031182000000573_ref003","first-page":"12","article-title":"Sleeping sickness survey in the Serengeti Area (Tan. zania) 1971. 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