{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T23:18:35Z","timestamp":1778627915761,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":14006,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1970,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Adult forms of the pig whipworm, <jats:italic>T. suis<\/jats:italic>, are able to establish intimate contact with the host's tissues by the formation of a tunnel-like construction which covers a section of the thread-like oesophageal region. The extreme anterior oral end and the stouter posterior region are not covered and lie free in the lumen of the caecum. The attachment tunnel is composed of host mucosal cells and goblet cell secretion and its possible mode of construction is discussed. Host tissue not directly involved in tunnel formation appears unharmed by the presence of the parasite. <jats:italic>T. suis<\/jats:italic> is therefore not a serious pathogen under natural conditions.<\/jats:p><jats:p>It has been demonstrated that characteristic structures of the trichuroid oesophageal region, e.g. bacillary band and stichosome are metabolically active. The former penetrates the layered cuticle in the form of columnar protrusions originating in the hypodermis. Each hypodermal column represents a gland cell or bacifiary cell, which displays enzymic activity, e.g. acid phosphatase, non-specific esterase, glucose-6-phosphatase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and \u03b2-<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>-glucosidase. Its possible function at the host-parasite interface and in the metabolism of the whipworm is discussed. The layered cuticle is proteinaceous and enzymically inert.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Glandular activity is also displayed by the stichosome surrounding the capillary-like oesophagus. This evidence confirms earlier suggestions that the stichosome is a series of oesophageal glands.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Although the bacillary band may be involved in nutrient uptake the evidence obtained indicates that this is via the mouth which is favourably placed for the ingestion of mucoid material which was detected in the oesophagus. This may be subjected to preliminary hydrolysis by the enzymes present in the oesophagus and stichosome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000041202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T13:11:52Z","timestamp":1244207512000},"page":"357-374","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["A morphological and histochemical study of <i>Trichuris suis<\/i> (Schrank, 1788) with special reference to the host-parasite relationship"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3276973"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3275740"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1949.0025"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/6.2.122"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref036","volume-title":"Histochemistry. Theoretical and Applied","author":"Pearse","year":"1960"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref035","unstructured":"\u00d6hman C. (1964). Comparative histological and histochemical studies of the Strigeida (Trematoda) with special reference to the structure and function of the adhesive organ. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Wales."},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00403102"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3272891"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00259650","article-title":"Electron microscope observations of the body wall of Trichuris suis, Schrank, 1788 (Nematoda: Trichuroidea) 1. The Cuticle and Bacillary Band","volume":"32","author":"Jenkins","year":"1969","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Parasitenkunde"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00020800"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref026","first-page":"1","article-title":"Weitere Beitr\u00e4ge zur Kenntnis der Nematoden","volume":"32","author":"J\u00e4gerski\u00f6ld","year":"1901","journal-title":"Kungliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1.6.429"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(60)90072-2"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref028","unstructured":"Jenkins T. (1967). Histochemical and electron microscope studies on pig nematodes. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wales."},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref024","first-page":"1","article-title":"On histolytic changes and extra-intestinal digestion in parasitic infections","volume":"12","author":"Hoeppli","year":"1933","journal-title":"Lingnan Science Journal"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref023","first-page":"292","article-title":"The histochemistry of indoxylesterase of rat kidney, with special reference to its cathepsin-like activity","volume":"39","author":"Hess","year":"1958","journal-title":"British Journal of Experimental Pathology"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref020","first-page":"421","article-title":"\u00dcber den \u2018Mundst\u00e4chel\u2019 der Trichotracheliden\u2013Larven und Bemerkungen \u00fcber die j\u00fcngsten Stadien von Trichocephalus trichiurus","volume":"27","author":"F\u00fclleborn","year":"1923","journal-title":"Archiv f\u00fcr Schiffs-und Tropenhygiene"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref014","first-page":"213","volume-title":"An introduction to nematology","author":"Chitwood","year":"1950"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3271648"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref009","first-page":"497","article-title":"A study of the histochemical demonstration of cytochrome oxidase","volume":"105","author":"Butcher","year":"1964","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref038","first-page":"441","article-title":"Mitteilungen zur NematodenKunde","volume":"40","author":"Rauther","year":"1918","journal-title":"Zoologische Jahrb\u00fccher"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref008","volume-title":"Enzyme Histochemistry and Its Application in the Study of Neoplasms","author":"Burstone","year":"1962"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3276619"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1949.0024"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00017880"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000082585"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref013","first-page":"517","article-title":"The histology of nemic esophagi. VIII. The esophagus of representatives of the Enoplida","volume":"27","author":"Chitwood","year":"1937","journal-title":"Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00019891"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000024215"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref025","first-page":"555","article-title":"Succinic dehydrogenase activity in the muscle cell of Ascaris suis","volume":"10","author":"Ishikawa","year":"1961","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref004","first-page":"1","article-title":"The pathology of Trichuris, Capillaria and Trichinella infections","volume":"37","author":"Beck","year":"1968","journal-title":"Helminthological Abstracts"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref037","first-page":"262","article-title":"Experimental infections of swine with Trichuris suis","volume":"21","author":"Powers","year":"1960","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1962.11686119"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref017","first-page":"233","article-title":"Beitr\u00e4ge zur Anatomie und Physiologie des Trichocephalus dispar","volume":"10","author":"Eberth","year":"1860","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr wissenschaftliche Zoologie"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z68-028"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.113.2934.317-a"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref003","first-page":"545","article-title":"On the anatomy and physiology of the nematoids, parasitic and free; with observations on their zoological position and affinities to the echinoderms","volume":"156","author":"Bastian","year":"1866","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref049","volume-title":"The Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates","author":"Yorke","year":"1926"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3276127"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1963.0007"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref002","first-page":"104","article-title":"Der Peitschenwurmein blutsaugender Parasit. Deutsches Archiv","volume":"57","author":"Askanazy","year":"1896","journal-title":"f\u00fcr klinische Medizin"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3271490"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1961.11686027"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051120304"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref018","first-page":"81","article-title":"Histopathogenesis of experimental trichocephalosis in white mice","volume":"8","author":"Efremov","year":"1939","journal-title":"Medical Parasitology and Parasitic Disease U.S.S.R."},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000068463"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1927.00130070049004"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref032","first-page":"1343","article-title":"On the mouth-spear of Trichocephalus trichiurus and of a Trichocephalus sp. from monkey, Macacus rhesus","volume":"47","author":"Li","year":"1933","journal-title":"Chinese Medical Journal"},{"key":"S0031182000041202_ref039","first-page":"46","article-title":"Histopathologische Studien zu den Problemen der Zellkonstanz: Untersuchungen zur Mikroskopischen Anatomie im Lebenszyklus von Trichinella spiralis","volume":"163","author":"Richels","year":"1955","journal-title":"Zentralblatt f\u00fcr Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene (Abteilting I) Orig."}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182000041202","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,31]],"date-time":"2019-05-31T16:40:08Z","timestamp":1559320808000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182000041202\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1970,12]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1970,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182000041202"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182000041202","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1970,12]]}}}