{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T19:49:52Z","timestamp":1774036192048,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":12910,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1973,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The egg and larval stages of Trichuris suis can be briefly characterized as follows: The egg: barrel shaped, possesses a thick shell consisting of three thick outer layers and an inner thin vitelline membrane, is operculate at each end and is unsegmented and unfertilized when freshly deposited. L. 1 within the egg: presence of an oral spear, a poorly denned oesophagus and an intestinal tract consisting of undifferentiated granulated material. L. 1 within the host: initial differentiation of an oesophagus, cell body, intestine and rectum. L. 2: further differentiation of the body organs and the appearance of the rudiments of the reproductive system. L. 3: initial development of reproductive system and development of a cloaca in the male thus distinguishing the sexes. L. 4: differentiation of reproductive system into vagina, uterus, oviduct and ovary in the female, and testis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, spicule and spicular muscle, sheath and tube in the male. L. 5 or adult stage: completed development of the sexual organs including formation of the vulval orifice and eggs in the female and seminal vesicle in the male.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000046503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T12:12:40Z","timestamp":1244203960000},"page":"263-278","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Morphological descriptions of the egg and larval stages of<i>Trichuris suis<\/i>Schrank, 1788"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"R. J. S.","family":"Beer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182000046503_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000046497"},{"key":"S0031182000046503_ref007","first-page":"197","article-title":"[Possible difference between human and swine whipworms]","volume":"10","author":"Sondak","year":"1948","journal-title":"Parazitologicheskii Sbornik"},{"key":"S0031182000046503_ref004","unstructured":"Opitz H. M. (1963). Untersuchungen \u00fcber die Entwicklung des Peitschenwurmes des Hundes Trichuris vulpis. Dissertation, Berlin, 41 pp."},{"key":"S0031182000046503_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03050426","article-title":"Studies on the life history of Trichuris ovis","volume":"40","author":"Thapar","year":"1954","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science, B"},{"key":"S0031182000046503_ref006","unstructured":"Shlikas A. V. & Medzyavichus A. K. , (1969). [Studies on the biology of the nematode Trichocephalus muris Schrank, 1788.] Materialy Nauchnoi Konferentsii Vsesoyuznogo Obshchestva Gelmintologov: Institit Gel'mintologii, K. I. Skryabina, Moscow."},{"key":"S0031182000046503_ref001","first-page":"47","article-title":"Early developmental stages of nematodes occurring in swine","author":"Alicata","year":"1935","journal-title":"United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin"},{"key":"S0031182000046503_ref003","unstructured":"Dalchow W. (1964). Untersuchungen \u00fcber die Entwicklung des Peitschenwurmes Trichuris ovis (Abilgaard, 1795). Dissertation, Berlin, 58 pp."},{"key":"S0031182000046503_ref005","unstructured":"Powers K. G. (1961). Bionomics of the genus Trichuris Roederer 1761, in sheep. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wisconsin, U.S.A."}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182000046503","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]],"date-time":"2021-10-06T22:39:15Z","timestamp":1633559955000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182000046503\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1973,12]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1973,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182000046503"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182000046503","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1973,12]]}}}