{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T05:05:58Z","timestamp":1696568758300},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":11814,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Subcutaneous injection of nursing mothers from day 16 to day 20 <jats:italic>post partum<\/jats:italic> with infective larvae of <jats:italic>Strongyloides ratti<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Nippostrongylus brasiliensis<\/jats:italic> does not result in the development of worms in the litters if 1 h is allowed between injection and resumed nursing, and suckling is terminated 24 h later. Thus the low numbers of <jats:italic>N. brasiliensis<\/jats:italic> (1% of the dose) which develop in litters after 24 h, 4 day or 5 days suckling when mothers are injected and returned to their young immediately, represent skin invasion and not milk-borne infection.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Taking precautions consistent with the foregoing, <jats:italic>S. ratti<\/jats:italic> equivalent to 28%, 45%, 45% and 48% of the dose were shown to be transmitted in the milk to suckling rats of 4 mothers injected with 4000 L 3 on day 18 <jats:italic>post partum<\/jats:italic> and 72 h before weaning. One mother of the same batch failed to transmit worms (1% of the dose in the litter) and the take in all 5 mothers was insignificant (max. = 3% of the dose versus an average of 21% in controls).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Large numbers of <jats:italic>S. ratti<\/jats:italic> were subsequently found in the intestines of mothers whose litters were weaned immediately after (21%) or 6 h after (16%) injection, whereas very few (less than 1%) developed in mothers deprived of their offspring 24 h after injection. Dynamic, rather than static, determinants of larval routes inside the host present the only logical basis for an explanation of these facts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000047065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T12:55:28Z","timestamp":1244206528000},"page":"399-406","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Dynamic determinants of the route of larval <i>Strongyloides ratti<\/i> in lactating rats and the control of experimental error in quantitative studies of milk transmission of skin-penetrating roundworms"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"P. A. G.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Gentle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. S.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182000047065_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000063113"},{"key":"S0031182000047065_ref002","first-page":"86","article-title":"Supplement to the life history of Strongyloides ransomi Schwartz and Alicata, 1930 (Nematoda: Strongyloididae) of pigs","volume":"42","author":"Moncol","year":"1975","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington"},{"key":"S0031182000047065_ref001","first-page":"221","article-title":"Strongyloides ratti (Nematoda) in newborn offspring of inoculated rats","volume":"43","author":"Katz","year":"1969","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"S0031182000047065_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000049556"},{"key":"S0031182000047065_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3276249"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182000047065","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T15:52:31Z","timestamp":1559058751000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182000047065\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1976,12]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182000047065"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182000047065","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1976,12]]}}}