{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T14:32:46Z","timestamp":1758637966816},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":11022,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamins A, E and K were incorporated into turkey starter rations at normal (1\u00d7), 5\u00d7 and 50\u00d7 the National Research Council recommended vitamin levels and evaluated for their effect on histomoniasis in turkeys. Infected as well as comparable uninfected poults were included in all trials. Each vitamin was also evaluated at normal and 50\u00d7 the NRC level in combination with ipronidazole, a low-level antihistomonal agent. In addition to performance parameters, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) plasma enzyme levels were used to evaluate the vitamin effect. None of the vitamins tested alone were found to be effective in terms of reducing mortality and morbidity following a severe<jats:italic>Histomonas meleagridis<\/jats:italic>challenge, regardless of the vitamin dose. A significant improvement in performance was demonstrated with the vitamin E (50\u00d7)\u2013ipronidazole combination and a numerical improvement with the vitamin A (50\u00d7)\u2013ipronidazole combination over ipronidazole alone or the poults fed NRC recommended vitamin levels. The GOT and LDH plasma enzyme levels correlated well with the progressive pathological changes associated with the disease. At 11 days post-infection both enzymes were consistently and significantly elevated above those of the uninfected controls, irrespective of the vitamin levels provided. The presence of low level ipronidazole in most instances delayed the onset of clinical symptoms and was associated with a delay in enzyme elevation, indicating the excellent correlation and sensitivity of the enzyme method in assessing liver damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000048551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T16:52:18Z","timestamp":1244220738000},"page":"19-31","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The effect of vitamins A, E and K on experimentally induced histomoniasis in turkeys"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"E. G.","family":"Schildknecht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. L.","family":"Squibb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182000048551_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0341054"},{"key":"S0031182000048551_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(70)90106-2"},{"key":"S0031182000048551_ref015","unstructured":"Schildknecht E. G. (1976). Effect of vitamins on experimentally induced histomoniasis in turkeys. Ph.D. thesis, Rutgers, The State University, New Brunswick, N.J."},{"key":"S0031182000048551_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-113-28418"},{"key":"S0031182000048551_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(70)90027-5"},{"key":"S0031182000048551_ref010","unstructured":"Hill C. H. (1962). Nutritional factors influencing resistance and susceptibility to disease. Proceedings of the 15th Annual California Industrial Conference, pp. 84\u201391."},{"key":"S0031182000048551_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(70)90072-1"},{"key":"S0031182000048551_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-146-38087"},{"key":"S0031182000048551_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0521295"},{"key":"S0031182000048551_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(66)90057-9"},{"key":"S0031182000048551_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1589006"},{"key":"S0031182000048551_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0560957"},{"key":"S0031182000048551_ref006","first-page":"231","article-title":"Effect of supplemental dietary vitamin E on the serologic response of swine to an Escherichia coli bacterin","volume":"168","author":"Ellis","year":"1976","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association."},{"key":"S0031182000048551_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1589208"},{"key":"S0031182000048551_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.10.6.1292-1295.1974","article-title":"Vitamin E protects mice against Diplococcus pneumoniae Type I infection","volume":"10","author":"Heinzerling","year":"1974","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"S0031182000048551_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-105-26063"},{"key":"S0031182000048551_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200004734X"},{"key":"S0031182000048551_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0490086"},{"key":"S0031182000048551_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0541292"},{"key":"S0031182000048551_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1587665"},{"key":"S0031182000048551_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0470159"},{"key":"S0031182000048551_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(73)90084-2"},{"key":"S0031182000048551_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0431443"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182000048551","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T07:22:20Z","timestamp":1589872940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182000048551\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1979,2]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182000048551"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182000048551","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1979,2]]}}}