{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T17:26:55Z","timestamp":1750440415074},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8830,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-specific immunostimulants were used in an attempt to protect baboons from infection by schistosomes. Subcutaneous vaccination with cord factor (4\u00b750 mg) and muramyl dipeptide (4\u00b756 mg) 6 days before percutaneous exposure to 3000<jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>cercariae\/baboon (c.p.b.) failed to protect naive baboons: baboons with a 7-month-old, 5000 c.p.b.<jats:italic>S. haenzatobium<\/jats:italic>primary infection had developed too strong a natural immunity to detect any protection attributable to vaccination. Subcutaneous vaccination with 0\u00b74 ml of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BOG, 1\u20138 x 10<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>colony forming units7sol;ml) 4 days before exposure to 1000 c.p.b.<jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>gave a significant (38%) reduction in worm load compared with controls. However, vaccination with 0\u00b78 (intramuscular) and 0\u00b72 (intradermal) ml of BOG 11 days before exposure to<jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>800 c.p.b. did not protect naive baboons, nor did it significantly reduce challenge worm recovery from baboons with a 13-week-old, 500 c.p.b.<jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>primary infection. Obvious pathology was seen at the site of vaccination in the first but not the second BCG experiment. These results partly support the findings in mice that non-specific macrophage and monocyte activators give partial protection against schistosome infections but they also illustrate that rodents and primates do not necessarily react identically. Hence, findings from rodent models should be extrapolated to man with some caution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000049052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T16:26:30Z","timestamp":1244219190000},"page":"101-110","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Attempts to induce resistance to<i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i>and<i>S. haematobium in Kenyan baboons (Papio anubis<\/i>) using non-specific immunostimulants"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"R. F.","family":"Sturrock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. J.","family":"Cottrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. A. 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