{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T09:32:23Z","timestamp":1762075943746},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":12302,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1975,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In one (1c) and six (6c) cysticercoid primary infections of <jats:italic>Hymenolepis diminuta<\/jats:italic> in NIH (inbred) and CFLP (outbred) male mice 6\u00b11 weeks old &gt; 85% of the worms established but were rejected (destrobilated or expelled) subsequently. Rejection occurs more quickly in 6c infections than in 1c infections. Considerable worm growth occurs in 1c and 6c primary infections but worms from 6c infections weighed less than worms from 1c infections on all days studied.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Expulsion of <jats:italic>H. diminuta<\/jats:italic> does not occur more rapidly in secondary infections than in primary infections; loss of 6c secondary worms occurs at the same rate as 6c primary worms but 1c secondary worms survive longer than 1c primary worms. Although worms are not lost more quickly in secondary than in primary infections, they are affected at an early age by the immune response which stunts their growth. Increasing the intensity of primary and secondary infections increases the severity of stunting of secondary worms.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The results are discussed and it is suggested that immune responses to <jats:italic>Hymenolepis<\/jats:italic> spp. in rodents are common but that thresholds of worm numbers exist below which appreciable worm loss does not occur. Stunting due to crowding, which generally is attributed to inter-worm competition, may be in part immunologically mediated. For future immunological studies attempting to induce secondary responses to <jats:italic>H. diminuta<\/jats:italic> in mice, worm growth, not survival, is the criterion to evaluate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000053154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T16:58:19Z","timestamp":1244221099000},"page":"61-75","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Secondary infections of <i>Hymenolepis diminuta<\/i> in mice: effects of varying worm burdens in primary and secondary infections"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"A. D.","family":"Befus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000046187"},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3278676"},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000044279"},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref028","first-page":"277","article-title":"Genetic control of the immune response of mice to the nematode Trichuris muris","volume":"68","author":"Wakelin","year":"1974","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(67)90033-1"},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000045285"},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3276873"},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(68)90100-8"},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3275481"},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200004659X"},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref001","unstructured":"Andreassen J. , Hindsbo O. & Hesselberg C. A. (1974). Immunity to Hymenolepis diminuta in rats: destrobilation and expulsion in primary infections, its suppression by cortisone treatment and increased resistance to secondary infections. Proceedings, Third International Congress of Parasitology 2, 1056\u20137; personal communication."},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref002","first-page":"273","article-title":"The immunoglobulin coat on Hymenolepis spp","volume":"68","author":"Befus","year":"1974","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1963.43.2.263"},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000046199"},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref004","first-page":"105","article-title":"The effects of number and age of worms on development of primary and secondary infection with Hymenolepis diminuta in rats, and an investigation into the true nature of premunition in tapeworm infections","volume":"29","author":"Chandler","year":"1939","journal-title":"American Journal of Hygiene"},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref007","unstructured":"Goodall R. I. (1973). Studies on the growth, location specificity and immunobiology of some hymenolepid tapeworms. Ph.D. thesis, University of Glasgow, Scotland."},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref009","first-page":"707","article-title":"Requirement for continuous antigenic stimulation in the development and differentiation of antibody-forming cells: effect of antigen dose","volume":"20","author":"Hanna","year":"1971","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/246521a0"},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000231076"},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000045479"},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref015","first-page":"53","volume-title":"International Review of Tropical Medicine","volume":"4","author":"Jarrett","year":"1971"},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200004587X"},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3277757"},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000045881"},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000071511"},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref022","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Progress in Allergy","volume":"17","author":"Ogilvie","year":"1973"},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000029735"},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00259337","article-title":"Distribution and growth of Hymenolepis diminuta in the rat, hamster and mouse","volume":"37","author":"Turton","year":"1971","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Parasitenkunde"},{"key":"S0031182000053154_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00329632"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182000053154","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T19:24:52Z","timestamp":1559157892000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182000053154\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1975,8]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1975,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182000053154"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182000053154","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1975,8]]}}}