{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T15:49:11Z","timestamp":1762271351339},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8041,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>A herd of 20 cattle was introduced on a ranch in Kilifi, Coast Province of Kenya, where they were in contact with<jats:italic>Glossina austeni<\/jats:italic>for 6 months. In total, 65 trypanosome isolates were made from these animals. Examination of the isolates revealed that 61 were<jats:italic>Trypanosoma congolense<\/jats:italic>and 4 were<jats:italic>T. theileri<\/jats:italic>. Out of the 61<jats:italic>T. congolense<\/jats:italic>isolates, 55 were successfully passaged and cloned in mice to provide trypanosome populations for further analyses. The stocks and their clones were inoculated into goats on which teneral<jats:italic>G. morsitans centralis<\/jats:italic>were later fed in order to provide metacyclics for use in serodeme analysis. Identification of serodemes was carried out by indirect immunofluorescence and neutralization using antimetacyclic hyperimmune sera prepared in mice against metacyclics of cloned trypanosome populations. So far 4 serodemes have been identified in 8 stocks and 7 clones. Each of the 9 stocks contained a mixture of at least 2 of the 4 serodemes identified. Furthermore, stocks isolated sequentially from individual animals contained the same serodemes despite repeated treatment with a curative dose (6 mg\/kg body weight) of Berenil between isolations. From the latter finding, it can be inferred that the 4 serodemes were present on the ranch throughout the study period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000054007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T11:42:39Z","timestamp":1244202159000},"page":"349-357","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Characterization of<i>Trypanosoma congolense<\/i>serodemes in stocks isolated from cattle introduced onto a ranch in Kilifi, Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"R. A.","family":"Masake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V. M.","family":"Nantulya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Musoke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. K.","family":"Moloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Nguli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182000054007_ref019","unstructured":"World Health Organization (1979). The African Trypanosomiasis. Technical Report Series 635, Geneva, Switzerland."},{"key":"S0031182000054007_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/10.19.5905"},{"key":"S0031182000054007_ref015","article-title":"Epidemiology of animal trypanosomiasis on a cattle ranch in Kilifi, Kenya","volume":"43","author":"Paling","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"S0031182000054007_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02240416"},{"key":"S0031182000054007_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200004484X"},{"key":"S0031182000054007_ref017","first-page":"409","article-title":"Comparison of variable antigenic types produced by trypanosome strains of the subgenus Trypanozoon","volume":"57","author":"Van Meirvenne","year":"1977","journal-title":"Annales de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 belge de M\u00e9dicine tropicale"},{"key":"S0031182000054007_ref006","volume-title":"The Role of the Trypanosomes in African Ecology.","author":"Ford","year":"1971"},{"key":"S0031182000054007_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/300453a0"},{"key":"S0031182000054007_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.43.2.735-738.1984","article-title":"Resistance of cattle to tsetse-transmitted challenge with Trypanosoma brucei or Trypanosoma congolense after spontaneous recovery from syringe-passaged infections","volume":"43","author":"Nantulya","year":"1984","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"S0031182000054007_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000000573"},{"key":"S0031182000054007_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/306389a0"},{"key":"S0031182000054007_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(86)90148-1"},{"key":"S0031182000054007_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-8855-9_4"},{"key":"S0031182000054007_ref007","first-page":"12","article-title":"Sleeping sickness survey in the Serengeti area (Tanzania) 1971. Examination of large mammals for trypanosomes","volume":"30","author":"Geigy","year":"1973","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"S0031182000054007_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1985.11811969"},{"key":"S0031182000054007_ref011","first-page":"399","article-title":"Studies on Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense II. Observations on the cyclical transmission of three field isolates by Glossina morsitans morsitans","volume":"35","author":"Nantulya","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"S0031182000054007_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(63)90032-8"},{"key":"S0031182000054007_ref013","first-page":"19","article-title":"Analysis of the variable antigen composition of Trypanosoma brucei brucei metacyclic trypanosomes using monoclonal antibodies","volume":"40","author":"Nantulya","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"S0031182000054007_ref008","first-page":"125","article-title":"Effects of maintaining Glossina morsitans morsitans on different hosts upon the vector's subsequent infection rates with pathogenic trypanosomes","volume":"38","author":"Moloo","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182000054007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T05:33:09Z","timestamp":1589866389000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182000054007\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1987,4]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182000054007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182000054007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1987,4]]}}}