{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T07:11:24Z","timestamp":1790233884095,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6274,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present paper describes two repetitive proteins representing common antigens of African trypanosomes which are non-variant and which are recognized early in infection by the host immune system. These antigens were identified by their ability to immunoreact with bovine serum taken during the early phase of a cyclic trypanosomal infection. Screening of a cDNA library from<jats:italic>T. b. gambiense<\/jats:italic>with such early infection serum identified a protein which contains a repetitive motif consisting of 68 amino acid repeat units (GM6). Immunofluorescence and immunogold electron microscopy revealed that GM6 is located on fibres which connect the microtubules of the membrane skeleton with the flagellum. A second repetitive antigen detected by this serum is MARP1 (microtubule-associated repetitive protein 1), a protein previously characterized in this laboratory as a high-molecular weight component of the membrane skeleton, which consists of more than 50 tandemly repeated, near-identical 38 amino acid repeat units. Beta-galactosidase fusion products of both proteins demonstrated a strong immunoreactivity with sera from<jats:italic>T. b. brucei<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>T. congolense<\/jats:italic>-infected cattle. The result from this preliminary immunological evaluation indicates a high immunodiagnostic sensititivy (90%) of the two recombinant antigens which make them interesting candidates for immunodiagnosis of trypanosomiasis in cattle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000060856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T14:26:48Z","timestamp":1244212008000},"page":"111-120","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Identification and characterization of two repetitive non-variable antigens from African trypanosomes which are recognized early during infection"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Hemphill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Imboden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Duvallet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. H.","family":"Dwinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Seebeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(79)68021-7"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(90)90096-U"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.4.1427","article-title":"Mechanisms of self-cure from Trypanosoma congolense infection in mice","volume":"136","author":"Pinder","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(91)90166-L"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(89)90005-4"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref029","first-page":"272","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi proteins which are antigenic during human infections are located in defined regions of the parasite","volume":"50","author":"SOUTO-Padron","year":"1989","journal-title":"European Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.166.6.1814"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref002","first-page":"289","article-title":"Cultivation and in vitro cloning of procyclic culture forms of Trypanosoma brucei in semi-defined medium","volume":"36","author":"Brun","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3283167"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(89)90199-0"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.57.7.1959-1967.1989","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi expresses diverse repetitive protein antigens","volume":"57","author":"Hoft","year":"1989","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3393912"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.7.8.2838"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(87)90075-0"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.08.040190.000503"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.35.2.410-416.1982","article-title":"African trypanosome antigens recognized during the course of infection in N'Dama and Zebu cattle","volume":"35","author":"Shapiro","year":"1982","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.9.4350"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(88)90162-4"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3282427"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(90)90162-F"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.50.3.893-899.1985","article-title":"Molecular identity and location of invariant antigens on Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense defined with monoclonal antibodies reactive with sera from trypanosomiasis patients","volume":"50","author":"Burgess","year":"1985","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.140.1.283","article-title":"Genetics of resistance to the African trypanosomes. VI. Heredity of resistance and variable surface glycoprotein specific immune response","volume":"140","author":"De Gee","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref006","first-page":"277","article-title":"Variants antig\u00e9netiques d\u00e9tect\u00e9s apr\u00e8s transmission cyclique d'un clone de Trypanosoma brucei brucei chez des bovins trypanosensibles et r\u00e9sistants","volume":"37","author":"Duvallet","year":"1984","journal-title":"Revue d'elevage et de M\u00e9dicine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire des Pays tropicaux"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.102.6.2076"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref013","first-page":"49","volume-title":"DNA Cloning 1","author":"Hyunh","year":"1985"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(88)90129-6"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.97.6.1891"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(83)90040-9"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(84)90079-1"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/325272a0"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref023","volume-title":"Molecular Cloning","author":"Sambrook","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0031182000060856_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.74.12.5463"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182000060856","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T09:01:44Z","timestamp":1710406904000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182000060856\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,2]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182000060856"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182000060856","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,2]]}}}