{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:20:52Z","timestamp":1761862852970},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7188,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Newly transformed schistosomula and day 8 lung parasites, derived from optimally irradiated cercariae, were used to immunize groups of C57B1\/6 mice via 4 different injection routes. Schistosomula administered intradermally induced high levels of protection, comparable with that achieved by percutaneous vaccination. Intermediate levels were elicited by delivery of parasites via intraperitoneal or intratracheal routes. In contrast, intravenous injection of schistosomula to the lungs resulted in little or no resistance. Attenuated day 8 schistosomula administered intradermally were at least as immunogenic as irradiated cercariae. The fate of radio-isotope labelled attenuated lung schistosomula, injected via the various routes, was examined by compressed organ autoradiography. After intradermal vaccination, a proportion of parasites migrated from the site of injection to the draining lymph node and lungs. Conversely, schistosomula administered via the other 3 routes persisted to varying degrees at the injection site, but little onward migration was observed. We suggest that successful vaccination requires that some attenuated parasites migrate to, and sequester in, lymph nodes draining the vaccination site; persistence at the site of administration alone is not an adequate stimulus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s003118200006100x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T14:50:07Z","timestamp":1244213407000},"page":"39-45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Fate of attenuated schistosomula administered to mice by different routes, relative to the immunity induced against<i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Patricia S.","family":"Coulson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. P.","family":"Mountford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S003118200006100X_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1981.30.1026"},{"key":"S003118200006100X_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000051702"},{"key":"S003118200006100X_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(87)90170-6"},{"key":"S003118200006100X_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000066701"},{"key":"S003118200006100X_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1982.tb00423.x"},{"key":"S003118200006100X_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00204.x"},{"key":"S003118200006100X_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3573","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.140.10.3573","article-title":"Pulmonary leucocytic responses are linked to the acquired immunity of mice vaccinated with irradiated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"140","author":"Aitken","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S003118200006100X_ref016","first-page":"93","volume-title":"New Approaches to Vaccine Development","author":"Mitchison","year":"1984"},{"key":"S003118200006100X_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000054512","article-title":"The migration and survival of gamma-irradiated Schistosoma mansoni larvae and the duration of host\u2014parasite contact in relation to the induction of resistance in mice","volume":"88","author":"Mangold","year":"1984","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"S003118200006100X_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000053294"},{"key":"S003118200006100X_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000063484"},{"key":"S003118200006100X_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(74)90076-9"},{"key":"S003118200006100X_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.134.3.1956","article-title":"Induction of protective immunity against Schistosoma mansoni by a non-living vaccine is dependent upon the method of antigen presentation","volume":"134","author":"James","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S003118200006100X_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000056547"},{"key":"S003118200006100X_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000052446"},{"key":"S003118200006100X_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3274166"},{"key":"S003118200006100X_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1988.38.529"},{"key":"S003118200006100X_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-5158-0_3"},{"key":"S003118200006100X_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02917588"},{"key":"S003118200006100X_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2653","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.129.6.2653","article-title":"T lymphocyte responses of murine lung: immunization with alloantigen induces accumulation of cytotoxic and other T lymphocytes in the lung","volume":"129","author":"Liu","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S003118200006100X_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1987.37.570"},{"key":"S003118200006100X_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000063472"},{"key":"S003118200006100X_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1980.tb00311.x"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S003118200006100X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T14:32:26Z","timestamp":1685025146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S003118200006100X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,8]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S003118200006100X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s003118200006100x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,8]]}}}