{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T16:43:50Z","timestamp":1758991430467},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4844,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Ex vivo<\/jats:italic>culture of spleen cells from BALB\/c mice infected with 2 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup><jats:italic>Leishmania major<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>L.major<\/jats:italic>) promastigotes were cultured with ConcanavalinA (ConA) or leishmanial antigen (L. Ag) and tested for prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and for leukotriene B<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>(LTB<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>), in order to study their involvement in the evolution of cutaneous leishmaniasis and the connexion with lymphokine-mediated responses. The data were compared with those obtained in BALB\/c mice protected against<jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic>by sublethal irradiation (550 rad; cured mice). In the unprotected BALB\/c mice the levels of PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>that were responsible for the depression of interferon-\u03b3 (IFN-\u03b3) and tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF\u03b1) Th<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-associated cytokines and for the relative increase in the interleukin-4 (IL-4) became higher and higher as the lesion progressed. On the contrary, the cured mice produced levels of PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>similar to normal uninfected controls, high levels of TNF\u03b1 and IFN-\u03b3 and low levels of IL-4. Elevated levels of LTB<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>were detected in the early stage of infection in the unprotected mice compared to cured ones, a sign of more intense inflammation and a stimulus for the recruitment of inflammatory cells. The observation that exogenous LTB<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>was able to enhance in vitro both Th<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>cytokines in cured mice and Th<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>cytokines in unprotected ones suggests that LTB<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>could act in the recruitment of the T cells already committed to Th<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>or Th<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>phenotype.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000065033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T13:37:01Z","timestamp":1244209021000},"page":"13-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["<i>Ex vivo<\/i>evidence for PGE<sub>2<\/sub>and LTB<sub>4<\/sub>involvement in cutaneous leishmaniasis: relation with infection status and cytokine production"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Milano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Arcoleo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Dieli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"D'agostino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"De Nucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"D'agostino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Cillari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182000065033_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.16.7011"},{"key":"S0031182000065033_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830231003"},{"key":"S0031182000065033_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(91)90064-Z"},{"key":"S0031182000065033_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3849","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.146.11.3849","article-title":"Production of IL-l\u03b1 by activated Th type 2 cells. 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