{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T21:41:49Z","timestamp":1769550109362,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4844,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>The radiation-attenuated schistosome vaccine induces a high level of protective immunity in rodents. In order to assess its potential relevance to man, we have tested its efficacy in the non-human primate<jats:italic>Papio anubis<\/jats:italic>. A vaccination regime consisting of 3 exposures of approximately 9000 cercariae irradiated with 30 or 60krad. of gamma radiation induced &gt; 50% protection to a challenge with normal larvae. A lower attenuating dose of 20 krad., optimal for vaccination of mice, was less effective. All vaccination regimes elicited a population of PBMC which proliferated<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>in response to antigen. These responses peaked after the third exposure but were significantly lower after challenge. They revealed relatively little cross-reactivity with adult<jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>antigens and provided some evidence for stage-specific antigens. Circulating IgM reactive with adult<jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>antigen was detected after the second vaccination but levels remained low throughout. In contrast, IgG levels were boosted by successive vaccinations, although they showed a tendency to decline from 14 days after each exposure. There also appeared to be a lag of about 14 days after challenge before levels began to rise. Thus, both proliferation and antibody data suggest a lower responsiveness after challenge which may reflect either the reduced antigenic load or immunogenicity of normal, compared to vaccinating larvae. The data indicate that the attenuated schistosome vaccine is capable of inducing protection in a highly permissive primate host, with the implication that the mechanisms involved may also be relevant to man.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000065057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T13:37:01Z","timestamp":1244209021000},"page":"37-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Protective immunity to<i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i>induced in the olive baboon<i>Papio anubis<\/i>by the irradiated cercaria vaccine"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"D. S.","family":"Yole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Pemberton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. D. F.","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. A.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1981.30.825"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref033","unstructured":"Yole D. S. (1993). Immunological and parasitological studies on primates immunised with the irradiated schistosome vaccine. D.Phil, thesis, University of York."},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000081646"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1993.11812825"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(74)90076-9"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000066701"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","article-title":"Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent","volume":"193","author":"Lowry","year":"1951","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(86)90321-4"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(90)90393-S"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(69)90172-2"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000079695"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.146.5.1655","article-title":"Comparison of Th1- and Th2 associated immune reactivities stimulated by single versus multiple vaccination of mice with irradiated Schistosoma mansoni cercariae","volume":"146","author":"Caulada-Benedetti","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(85)90072-4"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1976.25.299"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(82)90090-X","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni: rapid isolation and purification of schistosomula of different developmental stages by centrifugation on discontinuous density gradients of Percoll","volume":"53","author":"Ladzins","year":"1982","journal-title":"Experimental Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000054512","article-title":"The migration and survival of gamma irradiated Schistosoma mansoni larvae and the duration of host\u2013parasite contact in relation to induction of resistance in mice","volume":"88","author":"Mangold","year":"1984","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200004693X"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4782","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.9.4782","article-title":"Protective immunity in baboons vaccinated with a recombinant antigen or radiation-attenuated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni is antibody-dependent","volume":"151","author":"Amory","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00025876"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1984.33.125"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref019","first-page":"310","article-title":"T-helper type-1-dominated lymph node responses induced in C57BL\/6 mice by optimally irradiated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni are down-regulated after challenge infection","volume":"84","author":"Pemberton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00027772"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7233238"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(90)90391-Q"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.60.1.90-94.1992","article-title":"Comparison of irradiated-cercaria schistosome vaccine models that use 15\u2013kilorad and 50-kilorad doses: the 15-kilorad dose gives greater protection, smaller liver sizes, and higher gamma interferon levels after challenge","volume":"60","author":"Reynolds","year":"1992","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1992.47.238"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(82)90189-4"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1991.tb00545.x"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200008625X","article-title":"Naturally acquired resistance to experimental infections of Schistosoma mansoni in the rhesus monkey (Macaco mulatto)","volume":"55","author":"Smithers","year":"1965","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000079245"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref030","first-page":"466","article-title":"A role for CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells in immunity to Schistosoma mansoni induced by 20 krad.-irradiated and RO 11\u20133128-terminated infections","volume":"67","author":"Vignali","year":"1989","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref018","first-page":"250","article-title":"The generation of interferon gamma-producing T lymphocytes in skin draining lymph nodes, and their recruitment to the lungs, is associated with protective immunity to Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"75","author":"Mountford","year":"1992","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000065057_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(93)90147-Q"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182000065057","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T08:57:51Z","timestamp":1710406671000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182000065057\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182000065057"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182000065057","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]}}}