{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T16:15:52Z","timestamp":1758816952924},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4844,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endotoxin levels were measured in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of control individuals and 2 groups of patients with African sleeping sickness. Endotoxin levels were markedly elevated in the blood (infected groups mean endotoxin values 40\u00b72 pg\/ml and 53\u00b78 pg\/ml, compared to control 11\u00b76 pg\/ml, P &lt; 0\u00b70001 for both increases) and CSF (infected groups mean endotoxin values 45\u00b78 pg\/ml and 50\u00b71 pg\/ml compared to control 6\u00b73 pg\/ml, P &lt; 0\u00b70001 for both increases) of the patients. The levels were reduced 6 weeks following different drug treatments in the 2 groups (blood levels to mean 33\u00b78\u00b7pg\/ml and 28\u00b75 pg\/ml; CSF levels to 37\u00b74 pg\/ml and 27\u00b70 pg\/ml). The blood endotoxin values correlated with the CSF values before treatment (r = 0\u00b774 and 0\u00b757 for the 2 groups; P &lt; 0\u00b70001 for both) and after treatment (r = 0\u00b757 and 0\u00b756 for the 2 groups; P &lt; 0\u00b70001 for both). It is concluded that raised endotoxin equilibrates in the blood and CSF compartments, and may contribute significantly to the pathology of sleeping sickness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000065082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T13:37:01Z","timestamp":1244209021000},"page":"67-73","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Endotoxins in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with African sleeping sickness"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"V. W.","family":"Pentreath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. A.","family":"Alafiatayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Crawley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Doua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. A.","family":"Oppenheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182000065082_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)92386-1"},{"key":"S0031182000065082_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/165-Supplement_1-S82"},{"key":"S0031182000065082_ref003","first-page":"129","article-title":"Tumour necrosis factor induction by malaria exoantigens depends upon phospholipid","volume":"75","author":"Bate","year":"1992","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000065082_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1994.11812911"},{"key":"S0031182000065082_ref016","first-page":"369","article-title":"Sleeping sickness and the central nervous system","volume":"61","author":"Pentreath","year":"1994","journal-title":"Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"S0031182000065082_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(78)90310-3"},{"key":"S0031182000065082_ref021","first-page":"489","article-title":"Clinical evaluation in febrile patients of an optimized endotoxin assay in blood","volume":"231","author":"Van Deventer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Progress in Clinical and Biological Research"},{"key":"S0031182000065082_ref014","article-title":"Total protein and white cell changes in the cerebrospinal fluid of vervet monkey infected with Trypanosoma rhodesiense and the post-treatment reaction","author":"Ndung'u","year":"1995","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Protozoology Research"},{"key":"S0031182000065082_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2494(93)80082-A"},{"key":"S0031182000065082_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(81)80192-5"},{"key":"S0031182000065082_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-2985(11)80353-0"},{"key":"S0031182000065082_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3276252"},{"key":"S0031182000065082_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000079397"},{"key":"S0031182000065082_ref005","first-page":"35","article-title":"Endotoxin as a therapeutic target in septic shock","volume":"2","author":"Corriveau","year":"1993","journal-title":"Infectious Agents and Disease"},{"key":"S0031182000065082_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00247.x"},{"key":"S0031182000065082_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110035"},{"key":"S0031182000065082_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(87)92528-X"},{"key":"S0031182000065082_ref002","volume-title":"Interactions between Trypanosoma brucei brucei, CD8+T Cells and Interferon Gamma","author":"Bakhiet","year":"1993"},{"key":"S0031182000065082_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(94)90122-8"},{"key":"S0031182000065082_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0892-54"},{"key":"S0031182000065082_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/114.3.243"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182000065082","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T19:40:10Z","timestamp":1557776410000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182000065082\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182000065082"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182000065082","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]}}}