{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T02:50:50Z","timestamp":1761706250158},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4570,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>The participation of neutrophil granulocytes in the cellular reaction to skin microfilariae of<jats:italic>Onchocerca volvulus<\/jats:italic>was studied by immunohistochemistry. Skin biopsies were obtained from adult Liberian and Ugandan patients with generalized onchocerciasis after exposure to topically applied diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and from untreated patients. After DEC many damaged microfilariae were observed either in dermal infiltrates or in epidermal microabscesses consisting both of neutrophils and eosinophils. Infiltrates and microabscesses contained some intact granulocytes and many neutrophils releasing myeloperoxidase, elastase, lactoferrin, defensin, lysozyme, \u03b11-antitrypsin and \u03b11-antichymotrypsin. Eosinophils discharged peroxidase and cationic proteins. Released granule proteins and remnants of disrupted granulocytes were found on the surface and in close proximity of damaged microfilariae in dermal infiltrates and epidermal microabscesses. In larger microabscesses neutrophils were predominant. These observations show that neutrophils and not only eosinophils recruit, accumulate, localize around and release their helminthotoxic granule proteins such as myeloperoxidase onto or closely around skin microfilariae of<jats:italic>O. volvulus<\/jats:italic>after topical DEC administration. The association between these processes and the damage of the microfilariae indicated that neutrophils together with eosinophils attack and damage microfilariae of<jats:italic>O. volvulus<\/jats:italic>after DEC treatment in the skin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000066543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T13:23:51Z","timestamp":1244208231000},"page":"403-414","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Neutrophil granule proteins: evidence for the participation in the host reaction to skin microfilariae of<i>Onchocerca volvulus<\/i>after diethylcarbamazine administration"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"E. J.","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Knab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. W.","family":"B\u00fcttner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3166","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.8.3166","article-title":"In Vitro killing of microfilariae of Brugia pahangi and Brugia malayi by eosinophil granule proteins","volume":"144","author":"Hamann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref022","first-page":"331","article-title":"Onchocerca volvulus: in vitro cytotoxic effects of human neutrophils and serum on third-stage larvae","volume":"45","author":"Johnson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00927430"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V76.11.2169.2169","article-title":"Antimicrobial polypeptides of human neutrophils","volume":"76","author":"Lehrer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2724","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V77.12.2724.2724","article-title":"Human neutrophils express the \u03b11-antitrypsin gene and produce \u03b11-antitrypsin","volume":"77","author":"Du Bois","year":"1991","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref009","first-page":"601","article-title":"Myeloperoxidase is more efficient than eosinophil peroxidase in the in vitro killing of newborn larvae of Trichinella spiralis","volume":"51","author":"Buys","year":"1984","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.122.1.221","article-title":"Damage to schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni induced directly by eosinophil major basic protein","volume":"122","author":"Butterworth","year":"1979","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.109.3.1341"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/171.3.659"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711330207"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2830075"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/282845a0"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/7.3.398"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/274588a0"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref041","first-page":"580","article-title":"Mutual influence between eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) and neutrophils: neutrophils reversibly inhibit EPO enzymatic activity and EPO increases neutrophil adhesiveness","volume":"69","author":"Zabucchi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref017","first-page":"217","article-title":"The mode of action of hetrazan on filarial worms","volume":"5","author":"Hawking","year":"1950","journal-title":"British Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3961","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.10.3961","article-title":"Eosinophil degranulation. An immunologic determinant in the pathogenesis of the Mazzotti reaction in human onchocerciasis","volume":"144","author":"Ackerman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref027","first-page":"51","article-title":"Deposition of eosinophil granule major basic protein onto microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus in the skin of patients treated with diethylcarbamazine","volume":"50","author":"Kephart","year":"1984","journal-title":"Laboratory Investigation"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109599"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1976.25.74"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1985.34.735"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1984.33.138"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.127.4.1611","article-title":"Cellular killing of microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus: eosinophil and neutrophil-mediated immune serum-dependent destruction","volume":"127","author":"Greene","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000075351"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1981.tb00386.x"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00931196"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1993.tb03452.x"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref003","first-page":"331","article-title":"Diagnosis and extirpation of nodules in human onchocerciasis","volume":"39","author":"Albiez","year":"1988","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.24.3.453"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/32.2.6198355"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(90)90020-V"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref038","first-page":"213","article-title":"Ultrastructural evidence for eosinophil-parasite adherence (EPA) reaction in human onchocercal lymphadenitis in the early period following diethylcarbamzaine treatment","volume":"33","author":"Racz","year":"1982","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref021","first-page":"351","article-title":"Onchocerca volvulus: in vitro killing of microfilariae by neutrophils and eosinophils from experimentally infected chimpanzees","volume":"42","author":"Johnson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref029","first-page":"563","article-title":"Some observations on the mode of action of diethylcarbamazine on the cotton rat filaria (In Japanese.)","volume":"18","author":"Kobayashi","year":"1969","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref014","first-page":"195","article-title":"Clinical and pathologic aspects of onchocerciasis","volume":"15","author":"Gibson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Pathology Annual"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1995.1087"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref025","first-page":"291","article-title":"The effect of diethylcarbamazine on the in vitro serum-mediated adherence of feline granulocytes to microfilariae of Brugia pahangi","volume":"39","author":"Johnson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/7.6.809"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref004","first-page":"19","article-title":"Chemotherapy of onchocerciasis with high doses of diethylcarbamazine or a single dose of ivermectin: microfilaria levels and side effects","volume":"39","author":"Albiez","year":"1988","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/256727a0"},{"key":"S0031182000066543_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1981.tb00389.x"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182000066543","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T14:29:58Z","timestamp":1685024998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182000066543\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,10]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182000066543"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182000066543","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,10]]}}}