{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T15:29:57Z","timestamp":1759073397226},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":10171,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>The fine structure of the oncosphere of <jats:italic>Hymenolepis nana<\/jats:italic> has been investigated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, together with light microscope observations of JB\u20134 embedded material. The outer surface of the oncosphere is covered by an epithelial layer, termed the embryonic epithelium. Cell types present within the oncosphere include the penetration gland cell, oncoblast, or hook-forming cells, nerve cells, muscle cells (both somatic and hook), and undifferentiated \u2018stem\u2019 cells. The penetration gland is a large, U-shaped structure, situated in the anterior region of the oncosphere, and filled with secretory granules of 2 distinct morphological types. Histochemically, the secretory material yields reactions characteristic of an acid mucopolysaccharide. A proteinaceous-substance and small amounts of glycogen are also present. Up to 4 pairs of ducts from the penetration gland have been observed. They pass through the basal lamina and the epithelial layer to open against the polar filament layer at the anterior end of the oncosphere. Nerve cells are described in a cestode oncosphere for the first time. The cells are paraldehyde-fuchsin-positive and show a high level of secretory activity, as evidenced by the large numbers of dense-cored vesicles produced by the Golgi apparatus in the perikarya; consequently, they are tentatively regarded as <jats:italic>possible<\/jats:italic> neurosecretory cells. The vesicles are transported down the axon to be stored in specialized swollen axon terminals, which form definite junctions with the muscle cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s003118200006697x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T12:44:38Z","timestamp":1244205878000},"page":"445-458","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["<i>Hymenolepis nana<\/i>: the fine structure of the \u2018penetration gland\u2019 and nerve cells within the oncosphere"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"I.","family":"Fairweather","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. T.","family":"Threadgold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00574894"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3276089"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z70-226"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(69)90068-X"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3277366"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3275423"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000077593"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref012","first-page":"259","volume-title":"The Biology of Trematodes","author":"Erasmus","year":"1972"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref003","first-page":"155","article-title":"Studies on Cysticercus fasciolaris. II. Histochemical studies on Taenia taeniaeformis: changes in rat's intestine and oncosphere during penetration","volume":"39","author":"Banerjee","year":"1969","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Animal Sciences"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02346228"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref033","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Aspects of Neuroendocrinology. Fifth International Symposium on Neurosecretion","author":"Scharrer","year":"1970"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3276878"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5320(69)80030-4"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10520295909114686"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000066968"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref027","first-page":"238","article-title":"Oncosphere movement: an interesting feature of invasive embryos from the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta","volume":"43","author":"Ogren","year":"1969","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref015","first-page":"49","article-title":"The fine structure of the hatched oncospheres of Hymenolepis nana","volume":"26","author":"Furukawa","year":"1977","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(59)90011-6"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(71)90008-7"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3279668"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000045832"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref023","first-page":"619","article-title":"Penetration glands of oncospheres of Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda). Histochemical studies","volume":"25","author":"Moczon","year":"1977","journal-title":"Bulletin de l'Acad\u00e9mie Polonaise des Sciences. Classe II: S\u00e9rie des Sciences Biologiques"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/232341a0"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000053221"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/250155a0"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3275288"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3276834"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3277459"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1974.tb01573.x"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(67)90048-3"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(61)90019-4"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1955.11685682"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref037","first-page":"205","article-title":"La structure fine de l'oncoph\u00e8re du cestode Choanotaenia pusilla (Goeze, 1782) (Cyclophyllidea: Catenotaeniidae)","volume":"69","author":"Swiderski","year":"1972","journal-title":"La Cellule"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(76)90088-6"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref039","first-page":"i","article-title":"Electron microscope and histochemical studies on the oncospheres of Echinococcus granulosus","volume":"75","author":"Swiderski","year":"1977","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10520297309116605"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00848424"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3278956"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z77-223"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref022","first-page":"531","article-title":"Penetration of Hymenolepis diminuta oncospheres across the intestinal tissues of Tenebrio molitor beetles","volume":"25","author":"Moczon","year":"1977","journal-title":"Bulletin de l'Acad\u00e9mie Polonaise des Sciences. Classe II: S\u00e9rie des Sciences Biologiques"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref013","unstructured":"Fairweather I. (1978). Studies on the nervous system of Hymenolepis nana (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea). Ph.D. thesis, University of London."},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3223498"},{"key":"S003118200006697X_ref021","first-page":"479","article-title":"Negative results of biochemical tests for collagenase and hyaluronidase activities in extracts of Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda) oncospheres and Nippostrongylus muris (Nematoda) invasive larvae","volume":"25","author":"Moczon","year":"1977","journal-title":"Bulletin de l'Acad\u00e9mie Polonaise des Sciences. Classe II: S\u00e9rie des Sciences Biologiques"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S003118200006697X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,25]],"date-time":"2019-05-25T16:03:42Z","timestamp":1558800222000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S003118200006697X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1981,6]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S003118200006697X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s003118200006697x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1981,6]]}}}