{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T19:37:22Z","timestamp":1766518642865},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5819,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effects of exposure to infective larvae on the antibody response to a cocktail of specific recombinant antigens of<jats:italic>Onchocerca volvulus<\/jats:italic>and to a worm extract were evaluated by comparing the responses of individuals from a vector controlled area with those from an area of continuing transmission by ELISA. Individuals from the vector controlled areas were found to have reduced responses to both antigen preparations. Amicrofilerdermic (mf\u2013) individuals from the area of vector control exhibited significantly lower total and subclass IgG responses to the worm extract. In contrast, the responses to the cocktail of specific recombinants were significantly reduced in individuals from the area of vector control who were still microfilerdermia positive (mf+). The distribution of IgG subclass specific responses was similar to both antigen preparations, both dominated by the IgG4 and IgG1 subclasses. IgG1 responses to the worm extract remained elevated in the vector controlled individuals but IgG4 was significantly reduced in the mf \u2013 individuals. Both subclasses reflected the total IgG response to the cocktail of recombinants and were significantly reduced in individuals from the vector controlled area, when compared to individuals from the hyperendemic area. IgG1 responses to the cocktail of recombinants are significantly lower than IgG4 in all individuals and virtually absent in individuals from the vector-controlled area. Measuring total IgG and IgG4 is more sensitive than IgG1 in detecting infection, 100 or 97% respectively, but they remain elevated in the individuals from the vector controlled areas even after 8\u201310 years interruption of transmission. These results have important implications for the serological monitoring of control programmes in individuals who have previously been infected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s003118200006710x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T14:12:36Z","timestamp":1244211156000},"page":"363-370","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The effects of vector control on the antibody response to antigens of<i>Onchocerca volvulus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"J. E.","family":"Bradley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. 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Prolonged immunization results in an IgG4-restricted response","volume":"130","author":"Aalberse","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S003118200006710X_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(90)90020-D"},{"key":"S003118200006710X_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(81)90328-8"},{"key":"S003118200006710X_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(92)90246-G"},{"key":"S003118200006710X_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4298","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.145.12.4298","article-title":"Filarial specific IgG4 response correlates with active Wuchereria bancrofti infection","volume":"145","author":"Kwan-Lim","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S003118200006710X_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(91)90046-9"},{"key":"S003118200006710X_ref011","first-page":"445","article-title":"Population dynamics of Onchocerca volvulus after 7 to 8 years of vector control in West Africa","volume":"44","author":"Karam","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"S003118200006710X_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(88)90170-9"},{"key":"S003118200006710X_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(91)90204-J"},{"key":"S003118200006710X_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3993","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.146.11.3993","article-title":"Guatemalan human onchocerciasis. 1. Systematic analysis of patient populations, nodular antigens and specific isotypic reactions","volume":"146","author":"Tsang","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S003118200006710X_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/158.5.1034"},{"key":"S003118200006710X_ref022","first-page":"195","article-title":"Onchocerciasis in Kenya 9, 11, and 18 years after elimination of the vector","volume":"37","author":"Roberts","year":"1967","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"S003118200006710X_ref023","volume-title":"Biometry","author":"Sokal","year":"1981"},{"key":"S003118200006710X_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2218502"},{"key":"S003118200006710X_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1987.tb00487.x"},{"key":"S003118200006710X_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.167.4.1505"},{"key":"S003118200006710X_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/161.3.549"},{"key":"S003118200006710X_ref028","first-page":"328","article-title":"Entomological aspects of the first five years of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme in the Volta river basin","volume":"30","author":"Walsh","year":"1979","journal-title":"Tropenmedizin und Parasitologic"},{"key":"S003118200006710X_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1989.40.261"},{"key":"S003118200006710X_ref031","unstructured":"World Health Organization (1987). Third report of the Expert Committee on Onchocerciasis. WHO Technical Report Series No. 752, Geneva."},{"key":"S003118200006710X_ref032","unstructured":"World Health Organization (1987). Twelve years of onchocerciasis control in Western Africa (1987). World Health Statistics Annual, pp. 19\u201322. 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