{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T03:43:31Z","timestamp":1773287011958,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4509,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]},"abstract":"SUMMARY<\/jats:title>Surveys on Trichinella<\/jats:italic> parasites in domestic and sylvatic animals collected in France, Italy, and in the Extremadura region of Spain showed that the distribution of Trichinella spiralis<\/jats:italic> and Trichinella britovi<\/jats:italic> is influenced by both environmental and human behaviour factors. In France, both Trichinella<\/jats:italic> species are prevalent in the fox population from mountain areas and natural parks but are infrequent in wild boars (< 0\u00b7001%). In Italy, only T. britovi<\/jats:italic> is present in sylvatic animals (foxes, wolves, and mustelids) living 500 m above sea level. This species is rare in wild boars ( < 0\u00b7001%) in that area. Sylvatic trichinellosis is found in only 24% and 34% of French and Italian territory, respectively, while lowland areas may generally be considered Trichinella<\/jats:italic>-free, because the domestic cycle is absent. The ecology of T. spiralis<\/jats:italic> and T. britovi<\/jats:italic> in the Extremadura shows a different picture from that observed in France and Italy because of the presence of both domestic and sylvatic cycles. The domestic cycle not only allows the maintenance of T. spiralis<\/jats:italic> in the domestic environment, but it also has a great impact on the prevalence in wild boar populations. It does not influence the prevalence in vulpine populations. These data suggest (1) that domestic trichinellosis occurs only in rural areas of Western Europe in association with traditional swine-rearing practices, but not in industrialized pig farms; (2) that sylvatic trichinellosis occurs only in natural habitats which, in Western Europe, are widespread in mountain areas; (3) that the fox is the primary reservoir in the sylvatic cycle, where the parasite is maintained in a closed circuit and (4) that among sylvatic animals T. spiralis<\/jats:italic> is present at lower altitude than is T. britovi<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000067573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T13:22:17Z","timestamp":1244208137000},"page":"527-533","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Environmental and human influence on the ecology of Trichinella spiralis<\/i> and Trichinella britovi<\/i> in Western Europe"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Pozio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"La Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F. J.","family":"Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Barrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182000067573_ref010","first-page":"583","article-title":"Presence of Trichinella spiralis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Sweden related to trichinella infection in swine and man","volume":"20","author":"Roneus","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica"},{"key":"S0031182000067573_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3282352"},{"key":"S0031182000067573_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00935432"},{"key":"S0031182000067573_ref003","volume-title":"Trichinosis in Man and Animals","author":"Gould","year":"1970"},{"key":"S0031182000067573_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200006474X"},{"key":"S0031182000067573_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.11.4.643"},{"key":"S0031182000067573_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3283540"},{"key":"S0031182000067573_ref008","first-page":"246","volume-title":"ICT6 Trichinellosis","author":"Pozio","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0031182000067573_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(88)90203-7"},{"key":"S0031182000067573_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3283538"},{"key":"S0031182000067573_ref007","first-page":"111","article-title":"Ecology of Trichinella parasites in Europe on the threshold of the third millennium","volume":"32","author":"Pozio","year":"1995","journal-title":"Helminthologia"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182000067573","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,12]],"date-time":"2019-05-12T19:49:39Z","timestamp":1557690579000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182000067573\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182000067573"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182000067573","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]}}}