{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T01:13:24Z","timestamp":1774574004975,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7400,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The need for a vaccine(s) against cutaneous leishmaniasis and the populations at risk for whom such vaccines should be developed are briefly discussed. The current human vaccine studies are reviewed, as are some experimental mouse studies with emphasis on<jats:italic>Leishmania major<\/jats:italic>infection relevant to vaccine development. Based on the information available from the mouse model and those data which are being sought in human studies, the benign nature of the cutaneous disease, the ease with which<jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic>can be manipulated to yield the required material, and the ongoing practice of leishmanization which allows rapid evaluation of candidate vaccine(s), it is suggested that a vaccine, at least against<jats:italic>L. major<\/jats:italic>, is imminent in the not too distant future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000072243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T14:50:32Z","timestamp":1244213432000},"page":"S49-S60","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Experiences with vaccines against cutaneous leishmaniasis: of men and mice"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Farrokh","family":"Modabber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46651988000200001"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6701528"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-2723-3_6"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(87)90138-X"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref048","first-page":"85","article-title":"Infectivity of Leishmania donovani primary culture promastigotes for golden hamsters","volume":"38","author":"Keithly","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3281426"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.07.040189.003021"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.131.4.1987","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies specific for Leishmania tropica","volume":"131","author":"Jaffe","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)90116-4"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref096","first-page":"1094","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis as an opportunistic infection","volume":"i","author":"Senaldi","year":"1986","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.22.6999"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref093","first-page":"932","article-title":"Leishmanial serotypes as distinguished by the gel diffusion of factors excreted in vitro and in vivo","volume":"8","author":"Schnur","year":"1972","journal-title":"Israel Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1987.44"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref077","first-page":"803","article-title":"Parasitologie animale. Efficacit\u00e9 de Ia vaccination de Ia souris C57 BL\/6 contre l'infection par diff\u00e9rentes esp\u00e8ces de Leishmania","volume":"18","author":"Monjour","year":"1985","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus de l'Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences, Paris"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(81)90430-2"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1980.tb00061.x"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.138.3.908","article-title":"An analysis of T-cell responsiveness in Indian kala-azar","volume":"138","author":"Sacks","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0769-2625(87)80030-2"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref002","first-page":"674","article-title":"Immunoregulatory pathways in murine leishmaniasis: different regulatory control during Leishmania mexicana mexicana and Leishmania major infections","volume":"61","author":"Alexander","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91725-3"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/154.6.1003"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref046","article-title":"Cell-mediated immunity, immunodeficiency and microbial infections","author":"Kaufmann","journal-title":"Current Topics in Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref105","first-page":"559","article-title":"Increased infectivity of stationary-phase promastigotes of Leishmania donovani: correlation with enhanced C3 binding capacity and CR3-mediated attachment to host macrophages","volume":"60","author":"Wozencraft","year":"1987","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1985.11811917"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(88)90067-1"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.131.3.1492","article-title":"Lack of a general immunosuppression during L. tropica infection in BALB\/c mice: augmented antibody response to thymo-independent antigens and polyclonal activation","volume":"131","author":"Colle","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00393a042"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830180815"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(81)90076-1"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref051","first-page":"29","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in Brazil. XII. Observations on cross-immunity in monkeys and man infected with Leishmania mexicana mexicana, L. m. amazonensis, L. braziliensis braziliensis, L. b. guyanensis, and L. b. panamensis","volume":"80","author":"Lainson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(86)90243-9"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3344436"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref085","article-title":"A marmoset model for some New World dermatotropic leishmaniases","volume":"30","author":"Peireira","year":"1988","journal-title":"Parasitologia"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(86)90187-6"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8749(88)90051-2","article-title":"Sex differences and crossimmunity in DBA\/2 mice with cutaneous leishmaniasis correlates with the capacity to generate interleukin 3 in response to Leishmania antigen in vitro","volume":"111","author":"Alexander","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cellular Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref063","first-page":"731","volume-title":"The Leishmaniases","volume":"2","author":"Mauel","year":"1987"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref088","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.167.3.887"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref087","first-page":"337","article-title":"Experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. III. Effects of thymectomy on the course of infection of CBA mice with Leishmania tropica","volume":"10","author":"Preston","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830171007"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3608","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.137.11.3608","article-title":"Passive transfer of Leishmania lipopolysaccharide confers parasite survival in macrophages","volume":"137","author":"Handman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(85)90166-X"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref036","first-page":"493","volume-title":"Molecular Strategies of Parasitic Invasion","author":"Handman","year":"1987"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(66)90278-1"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref065","first-page":"780","article-title":"Leishmaniosis visceral de curso fatal asociada infecci\u00f3n por HTLV-III","volume":"87","author":"Gonzalez","year":"1986","journal-title":"Medicina Clinica (Barcelona)"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(87)90419-6"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1984.14"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/15.4.572"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref061","first-page":"509","article-title":"Leishmaniasis visceral en pacientes adictos a drogos por via parenteral, VIH positivos","volume":"88","author":"Martinez-Fernandez","year":"1987","journal-title":"Medicine Clinica (Barcelona)"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1979.2"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref038","first-page":"499","article-title":"Immunology of leishmaniasis","volume":"44","author":"Heyneman","year":"1971","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/327532a0"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref019","first-page":"415","article-title":"Immunotherapy with a mixture of Mycobacterium leprae and BCG in different forms of leprosy and Mitsuda-negative contacts","volume":"50","author":"Convit","year":"1982","journal-title":"International Journal of Leprosy"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(84)90091-4"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(85)90033-7"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref023","first-page":"493","article-title":"Studies on visceral Leishmania tropica infection in BALB\/c mice. 1. Clinical features and cellular changes","volume":"46","author":"Djoko-Tamnou","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clinical Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1974.tb03692.x"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(86)90038-1"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref026","first-page":"565","article-title":"Leishmaniosis asociada al sindrome de la immunodeficiencia acquirida","volume":"88","author":"Franco-Vicario","year":"1987","journal-title":"Medicina Clinica"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.17.5910"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref039","first-page":"1487","article-title":"Macrophage activation to kill L. tropica: defective intracellular killing of amastigotes by macrophages elicited with sterile inflammatory agents","volume":"132","author":"Hoover","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Imniunology"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(86)90135-3"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(79)90057-2"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(86)90310-X"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref059","first-page":"219","article-title":"Immunology of experimental leishmaniasis","volume":"138","author":"Louis","year":"1987","journal-title":"Twentieth Forum in Immunology, Annales de l'Institut Pasteur\/Immunologie"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(87)90058-0"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.56.8.2120-2124.1988","article-title":"Polyclonal B-cell stimulation by L3T4 + T cells in experimental leishmaniasis","volume":"56","author":"Lohoff","year":"1988","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(86)90120-1","article-title":"Molecular biology of Leishmania","volume":"2","author":"Blackwell","year":"1986","journal-title":"Parasitology Today"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.167.2.724"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.56.4.843-848.1988","article-title":"Vaccine-induced immunity against leishmaniasis in BALB\/c mice","volume":"56","author":"Frommel","year":"1988","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref056","first-page":"130","article-title":"Adoptive transfer of delayed type hypersensitivity reactions specific for Leishmania major antigens to normal mice using murine T-cell populations and clones generated in vitro","volume":"576","author":"Lima","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.128.4.1917","article-title":"Immunologic regulation of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. V. Characterization of effector and specific suppressor T cells","volume":"128","author":"Liew","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/154.4.639"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref042","first-page":"2002","article-title":"Prophylactic immunization against experimental leishmaniasis. I. Protection induced in mice genetically vulnerable to fatal Leishmania tropica infection","volume":"129","author":"Howard","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.152.3.594"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(85)90381-5"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(87)90171-X"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(86)90314-7"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761987000400011"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(79)90062-6"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1986.tb01037.x"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3118","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.139.9.3118","article-title":"Vaccination against cutaneous leishmaniasis in a murine model. II. Immunologic properties of protective and nonprotective subfractions of a soluble promastigote extract","volume":"139","author":"Scott","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref062","first-page":"91","article-title":"Recent advances in the immunology of leishmanial infections (with particular reference to the problem of vaccination)","volume":"47","author":"Mauel","year":"1982","journal-title":"Pontificiae Academia Scientiarum Scripta Varia"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref068","first-page":"1","article-title":"Increased myelopoiesis during L. major infection in mice: generation of \u2018safe target\u2019, a possible way to evade the effector immune mechanism","volume":"64","author":"Mirkovich","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clinical Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref102","first-page":"221","article-title":"Leishmaniasis visceral asociada a anti-HTLV III positivo","volume":"180","author":"Verdejo","year":"1987","journal-title":"Revista Clinica Espa\u00f1ola"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/140.2.215"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.4.1467","article-title":"Higher frequency of L. major- specific L3T4 + T cells in susceptible mice as compared with resistant CBA mice","volume":"136","author":"Milon","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1980.54"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.133.3.1594","article-title":"Exacerbation of murine cutaneous leishmaniasis by adoptive transfer of parasite-specific helper T-cell populations capable of mediating L. major specific delayed type hypersensitivity","volume":"133","author":"Titus","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761987000400014"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-077X(87)80051-3"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref047","first-page":"279","article-title":"Differences of susceptibility of inbred mice of different strains to L. tropica major","volume":"42","author":"Kellina","year":"1973","journal-title":"Medical Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0769-2625(87)80033-8"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0769-2625(87)80038-7"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-647680-4.50009-5"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref082","first-page":"336","volume-title":"Research on Control Strategies for the Leishmaniases","author":"Nadim","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.26.2.611-614.1979","article-title":"Generalized infection and lack of delayed hypersensitivity in BALB\/c mice infected with Leishmania tropica major","volume":"26","author":"Nasseri","year":"1979","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.168.5.1675"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1983.32.46"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref031","first-page":"259","volume-title":"New Developments with Human and Veterinary Vaccines","author":"Greenblatt","year":"1980"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0769-2625(87)80029-6"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.132.1.456","article-title":"Prophylactic immunization against experimental leishmaniasis. III. Protection against fatal Leishmania tropica infection induced by irradiated promastigotes involves Lyt-1 \u00b1 2-T cells that do not mediate cutaneous DTH","volume":"132","author":"Liew","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.132.4.2072","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis in anti-IgM-treated mice: enhanced resistance due to functional depletion of a B-cell-dependent T cell involved in the suppressor pathway","volume":"132","author":"Sacks","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.134.4.2713","article-title":"Growth cycle-dependent generation of complement-resistant Leishmania promastigotes","volume":"134","author":"Franke","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1984.tb02130.x","article-title":"An amphipathic sulphated glyucoconjugate of Leishmania: characterization with monoclonal antibodies","volume":"3","author":"Handman","year":"1984","journal-title":"European Molecular Biology Organization Journal"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.140.4.1274","article-title":"Effective immunization against cutaneous leishmaniasis with defined membrane antigens reconstituted into liposomes","volume":"140","author":"Russell","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"S0031182000072243_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1981.30.54"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182000072243","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T09:06:01Z","timestamp":1710407161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182000072243\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182000072243"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182000072243","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]}}}