{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T22:42:15Z","timestamp":1781908935111,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4875,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infections with <jats:italic>Ascaris lumbricoides<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Triclmris trichiura<\/jats:italic> and the hookworm species are often found in the same communities and individuals. Hosts infected by more than one species are potentially at risk of morbidity associated with each infection. This paper describes the use of a probabilistic model to predict the prevalence of multiple-species infections in communities for which only overall prevalence data exist. The model is tested against field data, using log-linear analysis, and is found to be more effective at estimating the numbers of multiple infections involving hookworms than those involving only <jats:italic>A. lumbricoides<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. trichiura<\/jats:italic>. This latter combination of infections is found, in half the communities examined, to be more common than expected by chance. An age-stratified analysis reveals that the degree of interaction between these two infections does not alter significantly with age in the child age classes of a Malaysian population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000077131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T13:40:06Z","timestamp":1244209206000},"page":"645-653","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Estimating the number of multiple-species geohelminth infections in human communities"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Booth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. A. P.","family":"Bundy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref010","first-page":"147","volume-title":"Hookworm Disease - Current Status and New Directions","author":"Bundy","year":"1990"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref017","first-page":"131","volume-title":"Collected Papers on the Control of Soil- Transmitted Helminthiases","volume":"IV","author":"Chen","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1992.11812724"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref003","volume-title":"Statistical Methods in Medical Research","author":"Armitage","year":"1987"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(88)90448-8"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(91)90054-3"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref035","first-page":"185","article-title":"The incidence and intensity of hookworm infestation in the various soil provinces of Tenessee","volume":"1","author":"Rickard","year":"1926","journal-title":"Journal of Preventative Medicine"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref020","first-page":"185","volume-title":"Ascariasis and its Prevention and Control","author":"Dazo","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000052288"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.1979.17.2.105"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(89)90342-8"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref021","first-page":"160","article-title":"The prevalence and severity of soil transmitted helminths in an urban slum community in Colombo","volume":"26","author":"de Silva","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ceylon Medical Journal"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(82)90092-X"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref016","first-page":"517","article-title":"At study of soil transmitted helminthic infections and health in pre-schoolchildren of rural villages in south Taiwan","volume":"63","author":"Chen","year":"1964","journal-title":"Journal of the Formosan Medical Association"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref028","first-page":"143","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminthiasis among primary school children in Selangor, Malaysia","volume":"39","author":"Kan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Malaysia"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(85)90128-2"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref005","first-page":"36","article-title":"The relation of the type of soils of Alabama to the distribution of hookworm disease","volume":"6","author":"Augustine","year":"1926","journal-title":"American Journal of Hygiene"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref006","first-page":"10","article-title":"Analysis of symptoms and signs related to parasitosis in 5215 cases","volume":"19","author":"Biagi","year":"1975","journal-title":"Progress in Drug Research"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000073807"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(92)90448-L"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref009","first-page":"61","article-title":"Epidemiology of poly-parasitism. I. Occurrence, frequency and distribution of multiple infections in Rural communities in Chad, Peru, Afghanistan and Zaire","volume":"29","author":"Buck","year":"1978","journal-title":"Tropenmedizin und Parasitenkunde"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800061719"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(87)90372-5"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(88)90450-6"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000057772"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(90)90039-H"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(82)90272-3"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000011598"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref033","first-page":"246","article-title":"Enquete bacteriologique et parasitologique a l'ile Sainte-Marie","volume":"28","author":"March'hadour","year":"1960","journal-title":"Archives de l'institute Pasteur de Madagascar"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1965.14.269"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00010877"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref026","first-page":"371","article-title":"Prevalence and treatment of intestinal helminthic infections among children in orphanages in Jakarta, Indonesia","volume":"12","author":"Ismid","year":"1981","journal-title":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref027","first-page":"180","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Selangor, Malaysia","volume":"37","author":"Kan","year":"1982","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Malaysia"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref029","first-page":"32","volume-title":"Collected Papers on the Control of Soil Transmitted Helminthiases","volume":"III","author":"Kan","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref031","first-page":"490","article-title":"The prevalence of helminth infections in the Kismu area of Kenya","volume":"48","author":"Kinoti","year":"1971","journal-title":"East African Medical Journal"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref032","volume-title":"Essentials of Medical Statistics","author":"Kirkwood","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1966.15.1032"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref038","unstructured":"Slade N. F. (1991). Epidemiology of concurrent intestinal nematode infections in laboratory mice and human communities. Ph.D. thesis, University of London."},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(89)90010-6"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref040","first-page":"415","article-title":"Prevalence of hookworm and of Schistosoma haemotobium in Rural Xambia","volume":"29","author":"Wenlock","year":"1977","journal-title":"Tropical and Geographical Medicine"},{"key":"S0031182000077131_ref041","first-page":"295","volume-title":"Collected Papers on the Control of Soil Transmitted Helminthiases","volume":"II","author":"Yokogawa","year":"1983"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182000077131","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T20:11:27Z","timestamp":1557778287000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182000077131\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,12]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182000077131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182000077131","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,12]]}}}