{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T01:33:59Z","timestamp":1778895239650,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5423,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Theileria-free<\/jats:italic> waterbuck (<jats:italic>Kobus defassa<\/jats:italic>) born in captivity were successfully infected with <jats:italic>Theileria parva<\/jats:italic> sporozoites derived from ticks infected by feeding on African buffalo (<jats:italic>Syncerus caffer<\/jats:italic>). All waterbuck underwent mild infections with the development of sporadic schizont and piroplasm parasitosis when inoculated with sporozoite doses lethal to cattle. A carrier state of <jats:italic>T. parva<\/jats:italic> was demonstrated by feeding clean <jats:italic>R. appendiculatus<\/jats:italic> nymphs on two of these infected waterbuck. Tick batches from these waterbuck on 2 of 5 occasions transmitted lethal <jats:italic>Theileria<\/jats:italic> infections to cattle. In a separate experiment, waterbuck cells were infected and transformed <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> by <jats:italic>T. parva<\/jats:italic> sporozoites derived from buffalo but not by cattle-derived <jats:italic>T. parva<\/jats:italic> (Muguga) sporozoites. Waterbuck cells infected <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> with <jats:italic>T. parva<\/jats:italic> isolated from buffalo were inoculated into autologous waterbuck but no infections developed. <jats:italic>Theileria parva<\/jats:italic> isolates generated in this study from various sources were characterized using anti-<jats:italic>T. parva<\/jats:italic> schizont monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), and it was found that buffalo-derived and waterbuck-passaged isolates had different profiles. Species-specific synthetic oligonucleotide probes, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with cloned <jats:italic>T. parva<\/jats:italic> DNA probes, and DNA sequence analysis of the p67 sporozoite antigen gene confirmed that the waterbuck-passaged parasite was <jats:italic>T. parva.<\/jats:italic> The <jats:italic>Tpr<\/jats:italic> repetitive probe hybridization patterns from the waterbuck-passaged parasites were different from the other samples tested. The ribosomal genotype of the waterbuck-passaged <jats:italic>T. parva<\/jats:italic> was similar to that of cattle-derived <jats:italic>T. parva<\/jats:italic> Muguga. Analyses with both probes and MAbs suggested that a minor parasite population present within the <jats:italic>T. parva<\/jats:italic> 7014 buffalo- derived stock had been selected during waterbuck passage. A variable region of the p67 sporozoite antigen gene of the waterbuck-passaged <jats:italic>T. parva<\/jats:italic> was similar to that of cattle-derived <jats:italic>T. parva<\/jats:italic> stocks and different from that of buffalo- derived parasites. Based on these results, methods were suggested to confirm and quantitate the involvement of waterbuck in the epidemiology of cattle theileriosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000077416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T09:59:29Z","timestamp":1244195969000},"page":"543-554","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Characterization of <i>Theileria parva<\/i> which infects waterbuck (<i>Kobus defassa<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"D. A.","family":"Stagg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. P.","family":"Bishop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. P.","family":"Morzaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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S.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182000077416_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)33870-0","article-title":"An improved method of handling ticks collected in the field","volume":"15","author":"Young","year":"1973","journal-title":"Research in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"S0031182000077416_ref034","first-page":"104","volume-title":"Immunization Against Theileriosis in Africa","author":"Young","year":"1985"},{"key":"S0031182000077416_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000050411"},{"key":"S0031182000077416_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)33441-6","article-title":"The establishment of Theileria infected cell lines from an eland (Taurotragus oryx Lydekker, 1906)","volume":"20","author":"Stagg","year":"1976","journal-title":"Research in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"S0031182000077416_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000050150"},{"key":"S0031182000077416_ref027","unstructured":"Stagg D. 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