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Female outbred mice were infected either with 500 infective larvae (L<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) of <jats:italic>H. polygyrus<\/jats:italic> or with 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> bloodstream forms of <jats:italic>T congolense<\/jats:italic> or both. In concurrent infections, animals were dosed with both parasites simultaneously or the trypanosomes were injected 5 or 10 days after the mice were infected with the nematode. The course of infection was monitored by routine parasitological and immunological techniques for 30 days after the <jats:italic>H. polygyrus<\/jats:italic> infection. Concurrently infected mice were severely compromised, except when <jats:italic>T. congolense<\/jats:italic> was superimposed on a 10-day-old (adult) <jats:italic>H. polygyrus<\/jats:italic> infection. In <jats:italic>H. polygyrus<\/jats:italic>-infected mice, simultaneous or subsequent infection with trypanosomes did not markedly influence worm establishment or fecundity, but the female worms were slightly stunted. Surviving mice displayed a markedly reduced antibody response to <jats:italic>H. polygyrus<\/jats:italic> antigens and a slightly reduced antibody response to <jats:italic>T. congolense<\/jats:italic> antigens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000078525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T14:03:53Z","timestamp":1244210633000},"page":"61-68","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["<i>Heligmosomoides polygyrus<\/i> and <i>Trypanosoma congolense<\/i> infections in mice: a laboratory model for concurrent gastrointestinal nematode and trypanosome infections"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"B. 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