{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T16:15:32Z","timestamp":1758816932830},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5758,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The involvement of endotoxins in<jats:italic>Trypanosoma brucei brucei<\/jats:italic>infection in CD-1 mice was investigated by the<jats:italic>Limulus<\/jats:italic>amoebocyte lysate (LAL) test. At 7 days post-infection mean serum endotoxin level was elevated by 2\u00b75 times (36\u00b74 pg\/ml cf. control 14\u00b725 pg\/ml, P &lt; 0\u00b7001) and a similar increase was maintained throughout the infection (survival 28\u201335 days). Purified disrupted parasites contained significant endotoxin activity (mean value 280 pg\/mg protein). The mouse infections were also associated with progressive Gram-negative bacteraemia (present in 4 Out of 5 infected animals by day 28 p.i.). The increased endotoxin levels may be due to parasite products, the products of intercurrent bacterial infections, other unidentified sources (e.g. from the gut), or a combination of these. It is concluded that the raised endotoxins may be important contributive factors in the pathogenesis of experimental murine trypanosomiasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000079397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T14:10:39Z","timestamp":1244211039000},"page":"49-53","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Endotoxins and the pathogenesis of<i>Trypanosoma brucei brucei<\/i>infection in mice"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"R. A.","family":"Alafiatayo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Crawley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. A.","family":"Oppenheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V. 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