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The relationship between infection assessed by stool examination and actual infection prevalence is investigated for the three major nematode species-<jats:italic>Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura<\/jats:italic>and the bookworms-using a model which describes the presence of non-egg producing worm combinations. The analysis demonstrates that stool examination under-estimates the actual infection prevalence, and that the degree of under-estimation is dependent on the level of infection, the nematode species and the parasite sex ratio. 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