{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:01:54Z","timestamp":1790874114969,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5209,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"abstract":"Mixed infections with malarial (Plasmodium gallinaceum<\/jats:italic>) and filarial (Brugia pahangi<\/jats:italic>) parasites were carried out in 8 trials with filaria susceptible (REFM) and filaria refractory (REP-RR) Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic> strains. A secondary infection with B. pahangi<\/jats:italic> microfilariae (mff) by intrathoracic inoculation, reduced the development rate of a pre-existing P. gallinaceum<\/jats:italic> infection. The level of reduction ranged from 9\u00b75 to 49% in REFM and from 50 to 90% in REP-RR. An immune response against oocysts was seen as melanization in mosquitoes with a double infection in the strain refractory to B. pahangi<\/jats:italic> (REP-RR) and a reduction in oocyst size in both mosquito strains. Melanization was not observed in mosquitoes infected only with P. gallinaceum<\/jats:italic>. This may indicate that activation of the prophenoloxidase (PPO) cascade in response to mff in the haemolymph can also be addressed against oocysts in the midgut. No significant difference in the number of filarial parasites recovered was observed when comparing groups with a single or double infection. Retardation in development of filaria larvae was observed in mosquitoes with double infection (REFM strain), together with melanization and a higher rate of abnormal development. Nutritional deficiency caused by superinfection might also be responsible for the delay in filarial development and reduced oocyst size.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000080987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T09:53:06Z","timestamp":1244195586000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Concomitant malaria (Plasmodium gallinaceum<\/i>) and filaria (Brugia pahangi<\/i>) infections in Aedes aegypti<\/i>: effect on parasite development"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"C. M. R.","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. J.","family":"Ham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182000080987_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1981.30.5"},{"key":"S0031182000080987_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/25.6.467"},{"key":"S0031182000080987_ref009","unstructured":"Matthews H. A. (1987). An analysis of gene linkage, interaction and expression in relation to susceptibility of Aedes aegypti, to infection with Dirofilaria immitis, D. repens and Brugia pahangi. Ph.D. thesis, University of Liverpool."},{"key":"S0031182000080987_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/26.3.159"},{"key":"S0031182000080987_ref016","first-page":"19","article-title":"Development of Brugia malayi and Dirofilaria immitis in Aedes aegypti: Effect of the host's nutrition","volume":"38","author":"Travi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182000080987_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1993.1076"},{"key":"S0031182000080987_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1965.11686284"},{"key":"S0031182000080987_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1962.11686135"},{"key":"S0031182000080987_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200007863X"},{"key":"S0031182000080987_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3532325"},{"key":"S0031182000080987_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3278767"},{"key":"S0031182000080987_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/28.2.275"},{"key":"S0031182000080987_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000076721"},{"key":"S0031182000080987_ref005","first-page":"212","article-title":"Blood meal enhanced Onchocerca development and its correlation with fecundity in laboratory reared Blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae)","volume":"35","author":"Ham","year":"1984","journal-title":"Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie"},{"key":"S0031182000080987_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3276330"},{"key":"S0031182000080987_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z84-019"},{"key":"S0031182000080987_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6474165"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182000080987","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T16:34:17Z","timestamp":1557851657000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182000080987\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182000080987"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182000080987","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]}}}