{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T17:48:03Z","timestamp":1761155283401},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5209,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The size of the infecting inoculum may influence the severity of malaria, but evidence is scarce. Malaria therapy records provide a unique source of information on induced malaria in people. The therapy was given to large numbers of neurosyphilis patients and the malaria was left untreated as long as possible. Data from patients treated at the Horton Hospital, Epsom 1923\u201360 with a single strain of vivax malaria were analysed to assess the influence of inoculum size on severity of disease. Malaria was induced by mosquito bite, blood inoculation or direct sporozoite inoculation. The different measures of inoculum size were inversely correlated with pre-patent period, as expected. Overall, information was available on a total of 563 non-immune patients who were not treated during the first 5 days of patent parasitaemia. No strong or consistent relationships were found between measures of inoculum size and any of the measures of severity used: neither parasitaemia levels, nor peak fevers, nor number of paroxysms of fever. In the largest data set, longer pre-patent periods were associated with tertian fever, spontaneous recovery and less use of modifying treatment. Difficulties in interpreting the results are discussed, particularly with respect to misclassification of both exposure and outcome variables. While an inoculum size-severity relationship cannot be ruled out, a strong relationship is very unlikely.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000080999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T13:53:06Z","timestamp":1244209986000},"page":"7-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Inoculum size, incubation period and severity of malaria. Analysis of data from malaria therapy records"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"J. R.","family":"Glynn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. J.","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182000080999_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(88)90011-9"},{"key":"S0031182000080999_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/80.3.228"},{"key":"S0031182000080999_ref025","first-page":"1","article-title":"Thio-Bismol in therapeutic malaria","volume":"46","author":"Whelen","year":"1943","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0031182000080999_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1991.tb00523.x"},{"key":"S0031182000080999_ref003","first-page":"293","article-title":"Insecticide-impregnated bed nets for malaria control: a review of the field trials","volume":"70","author":"Bermejo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"S0031182000080999_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1937.s1-17.245"},{"key":"S0031182000080999_ref007","article-title":"Infecting dose and severity of malaria: a literature review of induced malaria","author":"Glynn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0031182000080999_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(91)90012-N"},{"key":"S0031182000080999_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/80.3.237"},{"key":"S0031182000080999_ref006","unstructured":"Glynn J. R. (1993). Studies on the influence of infecting dose on the severity of disease. Ph.D. thesis, University of London."},{"key":"S0031182000080999_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(91)90096-7"},{"key":"S0031182000080999_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1177\/003591573602900802","article-title":"Clinical and parasitological observations on induced malaria","volume":"29","author":"James","year":"1936","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine"},{"key":"S0031182000080999_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1934.02750140012004"},{"key":"S0031182000080999_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(31)90068-0"},{"key":"S0031182000080999_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(27)90010-8"},{"key":"S0031182000080999_ref017","first-page":"335","article-title":"A note on Shute's technique of enumerating sporozoites in an emulsion of salivary glands","volume":"1","author":"Roy","year":"1938","journal-title":"Journal of the Malaria Institute of India"},{"key":"S0031182000080999_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1937.11684968"},{"key":"S0031182000080999_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(45)90058-7"},{"key":"S0031182000080999_ref020","first-page":"110","article-title":"The maintenance of a strain of Plasmodium vivax through man and mosquito over a period of 21 years","volume":"5","author":"Shute","year":"1946","journal-title":"Monthly Bulletin of Ministry of Health and Emergency Public Health Laboratory Services"},{"key":"S0031182000080999_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a074055"},{"key":"S0031182000080999_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000075247"},{"key":"S0031182000080999_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(90)90363-J","article-title":"Severe and complicated malaria","volume":"84","author":"Warrell","year":"1990","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0031182000080999_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(52)92495-1"},{"key":"S0031182000080999_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.73.301.209"},{"key":"S0031182000080999_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(90)90258-G"},{"key":"S0031182000080999_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1991.44.564"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182000080999","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T06:41:35Z","timestamp":1589870495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182000080999\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182000080999"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182000080999","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]}}}