{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T12:50:18Z","timestamp":1791118218744,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,5]],"date-time":"2002-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1028505600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":126,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cryptosporidia are important protozoan parasites of vertebrates, and a number of species and genotypes, with different host ranges, have been described. In this study a protocol was established for the detection and the genetic characterization of <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> spp. isolated from various types of surface waters (rivers, creeks, lakes, sewage plant in- and outlets and swimming pools) from the area between Zurich (Switzerland) and Munich (Germany). <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> oocysts were isolated by continuous-flow-centrifugation and immunomagnetic separation (IMS). A novel nested PCR combined with direct sequencing of the amplicon which spans a variable region of the 18S rRNA allowed characterization of species and genotypes. <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> spp. were detected in 23 of the 68 water samples investigated. Almost half of these isolates represent species and genotypes known to be pathogenic to man, namely <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic> \u2018bovine genotype\u2019 (from 6 samples) and <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic> \u2018human genotype\u2019 (4). Furthermore, we identified <jats:italic>C. muris<\/jats:italic> \u2018genotype A\u2019 (3), <jats:italic>C. muris<\/jats:italic> \u2018genotype B\u2019 (6), <jats:italic>C. baileyi<\/jats:italic> (1) as well as 3 novel <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> genotypes. Our results confirm the ubiquitous presence of <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> oocysts in surface waters. The detection of a variety of species and genotypes stresses the importance that molecular characterization is indispensable before drawing conclusions of medical or epidemiological significance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182001001317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,30]],"date-time":"2002-10-30T16:01:04Z","timestamp":1035993664000},"page":"359-368","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Detection of eight <i>Cryptosporidium<\/i> genotypes in surface and waste waters in Europe"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"P.\u00a0I.","family":"WARD","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"DEPLAZES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"REGLI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"RINDER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"MATHIS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,5]]},"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182001001317","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,5]],"date-time":"2019-04-05T21:41:32Z","timestamp":1554500492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182001001317\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182001001317"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182001001317","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]}}}