{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T06:46:58Z","timestamp":1763016418037},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,9]],"date-time":"2003-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1065657600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":38,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Since 2 morphological forms (fertilized and unfertilized) of egg can be produced by <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic>, infected humans can release in their faeces fertilized eggs only (FEO), unfertilized eggs only (UEO) or both fertilized and unfertilized eggs (FUE) (designated herein as the 3 different egg profiles). Epidemiologically, fertilized eggs are of significance as they enable effective transmission of the parasite. This study, for the first time, characterizes the <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic> egg profiles in human faeces in an endemic region of China, explores possible host- and parasite-factors related to these profiles, and discusses the biological and epidemiological implications of the findings. The 3 egg profiles were recorded throughout the study period of 2 years, and the overall percentages of people with FEO, FUE and UEO profiles were ~41\u201347%, 32\u201342% and 17\u201321%, respectively. The overall number of unfertilized eggs for the entire population accounted for ~6\u20139% of all eggs excreted. The different <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic> egg profiles showed no correlation to host gender, but they did relate to age and worm burden of the host and to the sex ratio and developmental status of the parasite. While an annual universal anthelmintic treatment resulted in some fluctuation in the values of individual egg profiles, the general features of these profiles remained similar throughout the study period. The findings of this study should have significant implications for understanding transmission patterns of <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic> and for the implementation of control measures against ascariasis in endemic regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182003003615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,19]],"date-time":"2003-08-19T09:25:13Z","timestamp":1061285113000},"page":"283-290","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["<i>Ascaris<\/i> egg profiles in human faeces: biological and epidemiological implications"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"W.","family":"PENG","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"ZHOU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. B.","family":"GASSER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref039","unstructured":"WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION(1996). Report of the WHO Informal Consultation on the use of Chemotherapy for the Control of Morbidity due to Soil-Transmitted Nematodes in Humans .WHO\/CTD\/sip\/96. 2: Geneva."},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref038","unstructured":"WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION(1991). Basic Laboratory Methods in Medical Parasitology .WHO, Geneva."},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref037","unstructured":"WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION(1987). Prevention and Control of Intestinal Parasitic Infections .WHO Technical Report Series No. 749.WHO, Geneva."},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(91)90172-U"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200005616X"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(87)90306-3"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.1979.17.2.105"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PENG, W. , ZHOU, X. , CUI, X. , CROMPTON, D. W. T. , WHITEHEAD, R. R. , XIONG, J. , WU, H. , PENG, J. , YANG, Y. , WU, W. , XU, K. & YAN, Y. (1996). Ascaris, people and pigs in rural community of Jiangxi Province, China.Parasitology 113, 545\u2013557.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000067597"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000081944"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000006442"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7888\/juoeh.10.123"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1977.11687181"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-69527-8_5"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(00)01779-8"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91593-W"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3285733"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200006131X"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90232-9"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000058753"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000059564"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118209700142X"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000085371"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref010","unstructured":"FERREIRA, C. S. , FERREIRA, M. U. & NOGUEIRA, M. R. (1994).The prevalence of infection by intestinal parasites in an urban slum in Sao Paulo, Brazil.Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 97, 121\u2013127."},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000058030"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.1990.28.Suppl.49"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182002001737"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3284479"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref005","unstructured":"CROMPTON, D. W. T. (1989).Biology of Ascaris lumbricoides . In Ascariasis and its Prevention and Control (ed. Crompton, D. W. T. , Nesheim, M. C. & Pawlowski, Z. S. ),pp. 9\u201344.Taylor & Francis, London and Philadelphia."},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref006","unstructured":"CROMPTON, D. W. T. (1994). Ascaris lumbricoides . In Parasitic and Infectious Diseases (ed. Scott, M. E. & Smith, G. ),pp. 175\u2013196.Academic Press Inc., London and New York."},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref023","unstructured":"MONZON, R. B. (1991).Replacement patterns of Ascaris lumbricoides populations in Filipino children.Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 22, 605\u2013610."},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref026","unstructured":"PENG, W. & ZHOU, X. (2001).Experimental epidemiological study on possible influence of pig-derived Ascaris on the transmission of human ascariasis.Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 22, 116\u2013118. (In Chinese, with English abstract.)"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60516-3"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315830"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(01)48008-0"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref009","unstructured":"FALLAH, M. , MIRARAB, A. , JAMALIAN, F. & GHADERI, A. (2002).Evaluation of two years of mass chemotherapy against ascariasis in Hamadan, Islamic Republic of Iran.Bulletin of the World Health Organization 80, 399\u2013402."},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PENG, W. , ZHOU, X. & CROMPTON, D. W. T. (1998).Ascariasis in China.Advances in Parasitology 41, 109\u2013148.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60423-6"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000066300"},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref021","unstructured":"KROEGER, A. , SCHULZ, B. , WITTE, B. , SKEWES-RAMM, R. & ETZLER, A. (1992).Helminthiases and cultural change in the Peruvian rainforest.Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 95, 104\u2013113."},{"key":"S0031182003003615_ref036","unstructured":"WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION(1967). Control of Ascariasis . Report of a World Health Organization Expert Committee .WHO Technical Report Series No. 379. WHO, Geneva."}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182003003615","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T19:23:31Z","timestamp":1554751411000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182003003615\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182003003615"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182003003615","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]}}}