{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T11:25:34Z","timestamp":1779103534341,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,3]],"date-time":"2004-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1078272000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The discovery of <jats:italic>Trichinella zimbabwensis<\/jats:italic> in farm crocodiles of Zimbabwe has opened up a new frontier in the epidemiology of the <jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic> genus. The objective of the present study was to investigate the infectivity of encapsulated species (<jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>T. nativa<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>T. britovi<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>T. murrelli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. nelsoni<\/jats:italic>) and non-encapsulated species (<jats:italic>T. pseudospiralis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>T. papuae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. zimbabwensis<\/jats:italic>) in caimans (<jats:italic>Caiman crocodilus<\/jats:italic>), varans (<jats:italic>Varanus exanthematicus<\/jats:italic>), pythons (<jats:italic>Python molurus bivittatus<\/jats:italic>) and turtles (<jats:italic>Pelomedusa subrufa<\/jats:italic>) raised at their natural temperature range (26\u201332 \u00b0C). Mice and chickens were used as controls. At 6 days post-infection (p.i.), adult worms were detected in the small intestine of reptiles infected with <jats:italic>T. papuae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. zimbabwensis<\/jats:italic>, of chickens infected with <jats:italic>T. pseudospiralis<\/jats:italic> and of mice infected with all encapsulated and non-encapsulated species. At 60 days p.i., <jats:italic>T. papuae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. zimbabwensis<\/jats:italic> adult worms were collected from the intestine of varans and caimans and larvae from muscles of the four reptile species, <jats:italic>T. pseudospiralis<\/jats:italic> larvae from muscles of chickens, and larvae of all <jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic> species from mouse muscles. The highest reproductive capacity index of both <jats:italic>T. papuae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. zimbabwensis<\/jats:italic> was observed in varans. The results show that <jats:italic>T. papuae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. zimbabwensis<\/jats:italic> are able to complete their entire life-cycle in both poikilothermic and homoiothermic animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182003004542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,3]],"date-time":"2004-03-03T04:53:46Z","timestamp":1078289626000},"page":"333-342","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["<i>Trichinella papuae<\/i> and <i>Trichinella zimbabwensis<\/i> induce infection in experimentally infected varans, caimans, pythons and turtles"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"POZIO","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"MARUCCI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"CASULLI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"SACCHI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"MUKARATIRWA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. M.","family":"FOGGIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"LA ROSA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182003004542_ref019","unstructured":"ZARLENGA, D. S. , LA ROSA, G. , POZIO, E. & ROSENTHAL, B. (2004).Identification and classification within the genus Trichinella, with special emphasis on non-encapsulated species.Veterinary Parasitology (in press)."},{"key":"S0031182003004542_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(99)00107-1"},{"key":"S0031182003004542_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"POZIO, E. , OWEN, I. L. , LA ROSA, G. , SACCHI, L. , ROSSI, P. & CORONA, S. (1999). Trichinella papuae n.sp. (Nematoda), a new non-encapsulated species from domestic and sylvatic swine of Papua New Guinea.International Journal for Parasitology 29, 1825\u20131839.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(99)00135-6"},{"key":"S0031182003004542_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"POZIO, E. , FOGGIN, C. M. , MARUCCI, G. , LA ROSA, G. , SACCHI, L. , CORONA, S. , ROSSI, P. & MUKARATIRWA, S. (2002). Trichinella zimbabwensis n.sp. (Nematoda), a new non-encapsulated species from crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) in Zimbabwe also infecting mammals.International Journal for Parasitology 32, 1787\u20131799.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00139-X"},{"key":"S0031182003004542_ref012","unstructured":"POZIO , E. (1987).Isoenzymatic typing of 23 Trichinella isolates. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 38, 111\u2013116."},{"key":"S0031182003004542_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OWEN, R. 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(1980).Spontaneous infection of birds with Trichinella pseudospiralis Garkavi, 1972.Folia Parasitolica 27, 227\u2013230."},{"key":"S0031182003004542_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(88)90203-7"},{"key":"S0031182003004542_ref001","unstructured":"ASATRIAN , A. , MOVSESSIAN , S. & GEVORKIAN , A. (2000).Experimental infection of some reptiles with T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis. Abstract Book, p. 154, The 10th International Conference on Trichinellosis, 20\u201324 August, Fontainebleau, France ."},{"key":"S0031182003004542_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00427-7"},{"key":"S0031182003004542_ref006","unstructured":"GUEVARA POZO, D. & CONTRERAS-PENA, J. A. (1966). Trichinella spiralis (Owen 1835), experiencias de infestacion en diversos vertebratos.Revista Iberica de Parasitologia 26, 239\u2013288."},{"key":"S0031182003004542_ref004","unstructured":"CRISTEA, G. & PERIAN, A. 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