{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T19:25:20Z","timestamp":1765826720799,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,16]],"date-time":"2004-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1082073600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Chagas' disease, caused by <jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic>, affects approximately 20 million people. There are 3 stages in the disease: acute, intermediate and chronic, the diversity and severity of the symptoms range from a mild electrocardiographic alteration to sudden death. We have previously demonstrated that when reinfections were carried out in the acute phase they produce greater cardiac damage. The aim of the present work was to investigate whether <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> reinfected mice present electrocardiographic abnormalities that could be characteristic and only achieved after reinfections. Of the mice reinfected during the acute phase 100% showed abnormalities from days 90 post-infection, with a predominance of auricle ventricle blocks (67\u201371%). All the mice reinfected during the chronic infection showed electrocardiographic alteration after 30 days post-first reinfection. Of the mice infected, without reinfection, 60% exhibited electrocardiographic dysfunction at 90 days post-infection. Our results demonstrated that when the host was reinfected in the acute phase, more serious electrocardiographic alterations were developed than when the reinfections were carried out in the chronic stage. Sudden death described in some chagasic patients, might be related to some of the findings described here.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182003004591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,16]],"date-time":"2004-04-16T14:42:36Z","timestamp":1082126556000},"page":"415-419","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Electrocardiographic characterization in <i>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/i> reinfected mice"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"J. M.","family":"BUSTAMANTE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. W.","family":"RIVAROLA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"PALMA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. A.","family":"PAGLINI-OLIVA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,16]]},"reference":[{"unstructured":"DIAS, E. (1963).Os efeitos da superinfec\u00e7ao sobre a evolu\u00e7ao da cardiopatia cr\u00f4nica chagasica.Revista Goiana de Medicina 9, 233\u2013239.","key":"S0031182003004591_ref009"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0031182003004591_ref018","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(01)00065-2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0031182003004591_ref007","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.2001.4661"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0031182003004591_ref015","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.75.6.1140"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0031182003004591_ref005","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00023-1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0031182003004591_ref012","DOI":"10.2307\/3284274"},{"unstructured":"LAGUENS, R. P. , CABEZA MECKERT, P. , BASOMBRIO, M. A. , CHAMBO, M. A. , COSSIO, P. , ARANA, R. & GELPI, R. J. (1980).Infecci\u00f3n cr\u00f3nica del rat\u00f3n con Trypanosoma cruzi. Modelo experimental de enfermedad de Chagas.Medicina 40, 33.","key":"S0031182003004591_ref011"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZICKER, F. , ALMEIDA NETTO, J. C. , ZICKER, E. M. S. , OLIVEIRA, R. M. & SMITH, P. G. (1990). Trypanosoma cruzi infections and electrocardiographic findings among active manual workers. A population based study in central Brazil.International Journal of Epidemiology 19, 182\u2013186.","key":"S0031182003004591_ref025","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/19.1.182"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0031182003004591_ref002","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761999000700007"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0031182003004591_ref008","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.59.530"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0031182003004591_ref020","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46651990000400005"},{"unstructured":"FERN\u00c1NDEZ, A. R. , ENDERS, J. E. , RIVAROLA, H. W. , PAGLINI, P. A. & PALMA, J. A. (1996).Cardiac \u03b2 receptors' density or affinity modified by different Trypanosoma cruzi amount.Acta Physiologica Pharmcologica et Therapeutica Latinoamericana 47, 137\u2013143.","key":"S0031182003004591_ref010"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0031182003004591_ref016","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761999000700079"},{"unstructured":"WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (1991). Control of Chagas' Disease .WHO Technical Report Series 811, 1\u201393.WHO, Geneva.","key":"S0031182003004591_ref024"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ANONYMOUS (1999).Recommendations from Satellite Meeting. International Symposium to Commemorate the 90th Anniversary of the Discovery of Chagas' disease. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 94, 429\u2013432.","key":"S0031182003004591_ref001","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761999000700085"},{"unstructured":"MACEDO, V. (1976).Influencia da exposi\u00e7ao \u00e0 reinfe\u00e7ao na evolu\u00e7ao da doen\u00e7a de Chagas: Estudo longitudinal de cinco anos.Revista do Patologia Tropical 5, 33\u2013116.","key":"S0031182003004591_ref013"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0031182003004591_ref006","DOI":"10.1042\/cs1040415"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0031182003004591_ref017","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(63)90027-4"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0031182003004591_ref019","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761984000500018"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0031182003004591_ref023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(99)00335-1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0031182003004591_ref014","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.65.958"},{"unstructured":"SADIGURSKY, M. & ANDRADE, S. G. (1986).Electrocardiographic changes in experimental chronic murine Chagas' disease.Brazilian Journal of Medicine and Biological Research 19, 379\u2013388.","key":"S0031182003004591_ref021"},{"unstructured":"STORINO, R. & MILEI, J. (1994). Enfermedad de Chagas .Mosby,Doyma Argentina, Buenos Aires.","key":"S0031182003004591_ref022"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S0031182003004591_ref003","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.10.2641"},{"unstructured":"BRENER, Z. 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