{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:08:42Z","timestamp":1762520922038},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,10]],"date-time":"2004-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1086825600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The fox tapeworm<jats:italic>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/jats:italic>is typically perpetuated in a cycle with red foxes as definitive hosts and various rodent species as intermediate hosts. In this study, foxes were baited with a highly efficient drug against cestodes (praziquantel) in 5 blocks of 1 km<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. Voles,<jats:italic>Arvicola terrestris<\/jats:italic>, the most abundant intermediate host species, were trapped in the 5 baited blocks and in 5 non-baited control blocks. Baiting the foxes reduced the prevalence of<jats:italic>E. multilocularis<\/jats:italic>in fox faecal samples in the baited blocks, but voles trapped in the two blocks did not differ in their infection rates. However, voles from the baited blocks had significantly smaller spleen masses and were more likely to be infested with mites than those from the control blocks, possibly reflecting different immunological activities. Our study suggests that the environmental contamination with<jats:italic>E. multilocularis<\/jats:italic>eggs, and perhaps those of other tapeworms, influences the immune system of the intermediate host species<jats:italic>A. terrestris<\/jats:italic>in the wild.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182004005141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,18]],"date-time":"2004-06-18T11:07:02Z","timestamp":1087556822000},"page":"93-99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["An experimental field approach to parasitism and immune defence in voles"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"G. A.","family":"SCHWARZENBACH","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"HEGGLIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"STIEGER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"DEPLAZES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. I.","family":"WARD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(99)01476-3"},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.5.2288-2296.2002"},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref006","unstructured":"BREITENMOSER, U. , M\u00dcLLER, U. , KAPPELER, A. & ZANONI, R. G. (2000).The final phase of the rabies epizootic in Switzerland.Schweizer Archiv f\u00fcr Tierheilkunde 142, 447\u2013454."},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/1616-5047-00123"},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref030","unstructured":"KOPP, W. C. (1990).The immune functions of the spleen. In The Spleen: Structure, Function and Clinical Significance (ed. Bowdler, A. J. ), pp. 261\u2013265.Chapman and Hall,London."},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1997.11813128"},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1983585439"},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref029","unstructured":"KAMIYA, H. , KAMIYA, M. , OHBAYASHI, M. & NOMURA, T. (1980).Studies on the host resistance to infections with Echinococcus multilocularis. 1. Difference of susceptibility of various rodents, especially of congenitally athymic nude mice.Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research 29, 87\u2013100."},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref039","unstructured":"STEININGER, B. & BARTH, P. (1999).Microanatomy and function of the spleen.Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology 151, 1\u2013112."},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref001","unstructured":"ALI-KHAN, Z. (1974).Host\u2013parasite relationship in echinococcosis. I. Parasite biomass and antibody response in three strains of inbred mice against graded doses of Echinococcus multilocularis cysts.Journal of Parasitology 60, 231\u2013235."},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref035","unstructured":"PLAYFORD, M. C. & KAMIYA, M. (1992).Immune-response to Echinococcus multilocularis infection in the house mouse model \u2013 A review.Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research 40, 113\u2013130."},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268801006112"},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref007","unstructured":"CHRISTENSEN, H. (1985).Urban fox populations in Oslo.Revue d'\u00e9cologie de la terre et la vie 40, 185\u2013186."},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000081075"},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref004","unstructured":"AMMAN, R. & ECKERT, J. (1995).Clinical diagnosis and treatment of echinococcosis in humans. In Echinococcus and Hydatid Disease (ed. Thompson, R. C. A. & Lymbery, A. J. ), pp. 411\u2013463.CAB International,Walingford."},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref036","unstructured":"SCHANTZ, P. M. & GOTTSTEIN, B. (1986). Echinococcus (hyaditosis). In Immunodiagnosis of Parasitic Diseases (ed. Walls, K. M. & Schantz, P. M. ), pp. 69\u2013107.Academic Press,Orlando, USA."},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099005351"},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z00-193"},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref031","unstructured":"M\u00d8LLER-NIELSEN, S. M. (1990).The food of rural and suburban woodland foxes Vulpes vulpes in Denmark.Natura Jutlandica 23, 25\u201332."},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref041","unstructured":"SPSS Statistical Package for PC, SPSS PC-Version, 1999, Chicago."},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref002","unstructured":"ALI-KHAN, Z. (1978 a).Cellular changes in lymphoreticular tissues of C57\/J mice infected with Echinococcus multilocularis cysts.Immunology 34, 831\u2013839."},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref016","unstructured":"ECKERT, J. , SCHANTZ, P. M. , GASSER, R. B. , TORGERSON, P. R. , BRESSONOV, A. S. , MOVSESSIAN, S. O. , THAKUR, A. , GRIMM, F. & NIKOGOSSIAN, M. A. (2001 b).Geographic distribution and prevalence. In WHO\/OIE Manual on Echinococcus in Humans and Animals: A Public health Problem of Global Concern (ed. Eckert, J. , Gemmell, M. A. , Meslin, F.-X. & Pawlowski, Z. S. ), pp. 100\u2013142.World Organization for Animal Health,Paris."},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.1995.tb01024.x"},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(82)90058-3"},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ECKERT, J. (1998). Echinococcus multilocularis, Echinococcus oligarthrus and Echinococcus vogeli . In Zoonoses: Biology, Clinical Practice, and Public Health Control (ed. Palmer, S. R. & Simpson, D. I. H. ), pp.689\u2013716. Oxford University Press, Oxford.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780192623805.003.0053"},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref011","unstructured":"DEVOUGE, M. & ALI-KHAN, Z. (1983).Intraperitoneal murine alveolar hyaditosis: relationship between the size of larval cyst mass, immigrant inflammatory cells, splenomegaly and thymus involution.Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie 34, 15\u201320."},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182002001749"},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8809(97)80706-2"},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4098\/AT.arch.95-9"},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref020","unstructured":"GLOOR, S. (2002).The rise of urban foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Switzerland and ecological and parasitological aspects of afox population in the recently colonised city of Zurich. Dissertation .University of Zurich,Zurich, Switzerland."},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref022","unstructured":"GOTTSTEIN, B. , SAUCY, F. , WYSS, C. , SIEGENTHALER, M. , JACQUIER, P. , SCHMITT, M. , BROSSHARD, M. & DEMIERRE, G. (1996).Investigations on a Swiss area highly endemic for Echinococcus multilocularis .Applied Parasitology 37, 129\u2013136."},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref005","unstructured":"BARON, R. & TANNER, C. (1976).The effect of immunosuppression on the secondary E. multilocularis infections in mice.International Journal for Parasitology 6, 37\u201342."},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2193\/0022-541X(2004)068[1010:BRFIAU]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(96)00117-8"},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ALI-KHAN, Z. (1978 b). Echinococcus multilocularis cell mediated immune responses in early and chronic alveolar murine hydatiosis.Experimental Parasitology 46, 157\u2013165.","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(78)90128-5"},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.1993.tb02656.x"},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1996.24"},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(96)80001-4"},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60024-X"},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0910.030138"},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DINKEL, A. , VON NICKISCH-ROSENEGK, M. , BILGER, B. , MERLI, M. , LUCIUS, R. & ROMIG, T. (1998).Detection of Echinococcus multilocularis in the definitive host: Coprodiagnosis by PCR as an alternative to necropsy.Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, 1871\u20131876.","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.7.1871-1876.1998"},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref015","unstructured":"ECKERT, J. , RAUSCH, R. L. , GEMMELL, M. A. , GIRADOUX, P. , KAMIYA, M. , LIU, F-J. , SCHANTZ, P. M. & ROMIG, T. (2001 a).Epidemology of Echinococcus multilocularis, Echinococcus vogeli and Echinococcus oligarthrus . In WHO\/OIE Manual on Echinococcus in Humans and Animals: A Public health Problem of Global Concern (ed. Eckert, J. , Gemmell, M. A. , Meslin, F.-X. & Pawlowski, Z. S. ), pp. 164\u2013194.World Organization for Animal Health,Paris."},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref017","unstructured":"FOTIADIS, C. , SERGIOU, C. , KIROU, J. , TROUPIS, T. G. , TSELENTIS, J. , DOUSSAITOU, P. , GORGOULIS, V. G. & SECHAS, M. N. (1999).Experimental Echinococcus infection in the mouse model: pericystic cellular immunity reaction and effects on the lymphoid organs of immunocompetent and thymectomized mice.In vivo 13, 541\u2013546."},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3285713"},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref010","unstructured":"DEPLAZES, P. , GLOOR, S. , STIEGER, C. & HEGGLIN, D. (2002).Urban transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis . In Cestode Zoonoses: Echinococcosis and Cysticercosis (ed. Craig, P. & Pawloski, Z. ), pp. 287\u2013297.IOS Press,Amsterdam, Netherlands."},{"key":"S0031182004005141_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1381789"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182004005141","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T17:39:27Z","timestamp":1705167567000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182004005141\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,10]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182004005141"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182004005141","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,10]]}}}