{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T11:52:03Z","timestamp":1762429923712},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,10]],"date-time":"2004-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1086825600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper investigates a cohort of 2187 laboratory reared <jats:italic>Culex quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic> fed on 69 human volunteers, including 59 persons with different levels of <jats:italic>Wuchereria bancrofti<\/jats:italic> microfilariae and 10 without microfilaria. Mosquitoes were followed until death. Mosquito survival was analysed in relation to the level of microfilaria in the human and larval count in the dead mosquito. Vector mortality during the extrinsic incubation period (12 days post-engorgement) was significantly higher in mosquitoes fed on microfilaraemic volunteers (50%) than in those fed on amicrofilaraemics (29%). Both the percentage infected and the geometric mean parasite density was significantly higher among mosquitoes which died before 13 days (45% infected and 10 larvae per infected mosquito) than those surviving beyond 13 days (39% and 2\u00b72), suggesting a parasite loss of more than 80% during the extrinsic incubation period. A large proportion (62%) of the mosquitoes that died during the early of phase of parasite development were infected (36% in low, 26% in medium and 90% in high human Mf-density). Survival analysis showed that the parasite load in mosquitoes and the human Mf-density for a given parasite load are independent risk factors of vector survival. Overall, the hazard of dying was found to be 11\u201315 times higher among mosquitoes fed on microfilaraemic volunteers than those fed on amicrofilaraemics. The hazard doubles for every increase of about 60\u201370 parasites in the vector. As a consequence of the parasite-induced reduction in vector survival, the transmission success of the parasite is reduced. The implication of the results on control\/elimination of lymphatic filariasis using mass-drug administration is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182004005153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,18]],"date-time":"2004-06-18T11:07:02Z","timestamp":1087556822000},"page":"43-50","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Vector survival and parasite infection: the effect of <i>Wuchereria bancrofti<\/i> on its vector <i>Culex quinquefasciatus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"KRISHNAMOORTHY","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"SUBRAMANIAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. J.","family":"VAN OORTMARSSEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. D. F.","family":"HABBEMA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. K.","family":"DAS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-3115-3"},{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182097002254"},{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.51.244"},{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(95)80128-6"},{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(78)90128-1"},{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref015","unstructured":"KRISHNASWAMI, A. K. , PATTANAYAK, S. & RAGHAVAN, N. G. S. (1959).The susceptibility of Culex fatigans to different densities of microfilariae bancrofti.Indian Journal of Malariology 13, 153\u2013157."},{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000064568"},{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000060625"},{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/10.2.189"},{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref004","unstructured":"BRYAN, J. H. & SOUTHGATE, B. A. (1988).Factors affecting transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti by anopheline mosquitoes. 2. Damage to ingested microfilarie by mosquito foregut armatures and development of filarial larvae in mosquitoes.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 82, 138\u2013145."},{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(81)90163-2"},{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref008","unstructured":"DAS, M. (1976).Vectors of filaria with special reference to India.Journal of Communicable Diseases 8, 101\u2013109."},{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1962.11686105"},{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200006649X"},{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref003","unstructured":"BRENGUES, J. & BAIN, O. (1972).Passage of microfilariae from the stomach to the haemocoel of the vector, in the case of Wuchereria bancrofti in Anopheles gambiae A and Aedes aegypti and Setaria labiatopapillosa in Aedes aegypti . Cahhiers ORSTOM, Serie Entomologie medicale et Parasitologie 10, 235\u2013249."},{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref024","unstructured":"SAMARAWICKREMA, W. A. (1967).A study of the age composition of natural populations of Culex pipiens fatigans Widemann in relation to the transmission of filariasis due to Wuchereria bancrofti (Cobbold) in Ceylon.Bulletin of World Health Organisation 37, 117\u2013137."},{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1978.11719361"},{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7601\/mez.31.277"},{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref002","unstructured":"BASU, B. C. & RAO, S. S. (1939).Studies on filariasis transmission.Indian Journal of Medical Research 27, 233\u2013249."},{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(91)90044-Y"},{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref011","unstructured":"DYE, C. & WILLIAMS, B. G. (1995).Non-linearities in the dynamics of indirectly-transmitted infections (or, does having a vector make a difference?). In Ecology of Infectious Diseases in Natural Populations (ed. Grenfell, B. T. & Dobson, A. P. ), pp. 260\u2013279. Cambridge University Press, Publications of the Newton Institute, Cambridge."},{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref007","unstructured":"CRAWLEY, M. J. (1993). Methods in Ecology . Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd,Oxford."},{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref022","unstructured":"PICHON, G. , PRODHON, J. & RIVIERE, F. (1980 b). Heterogeneous nature of the ingestion of blood-inhabiting parasites by their vectors: quantitative description and interpretation.Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, D 290, 1011\u20131013."},{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref021","unstructured":"PICHON, G. , PRODHON, J. & RIVIERE, F. (1980 a).Filariasis: excessive dispersal of parasites and excessive infection of the invertebrate host.Entomologie Medicale et Parasitologie 18, 27\u201347."},{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1993.11812811"},{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref023","unstructured":"RAJAGOPALAN, P. K. , KAZMI, S. J. & MANI, T. R. (1977).Some aspects of transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti and ecology of the vector Culex pipiens fatigans in Pondicherry.Indian Journal of Medical Research 66, 200\u2013215."},{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(95)00123-V"},{"key":"S0031182004005153_ref020","unstructured":"PICHON, G. (1974).Relations mathematiques entre le nombre des microfilaires ingereese et le nombre des parasites chez differents vecteurs naturels ou experimentaux de filarioses.Cahiers ORSTOM serie Entomologie medicale et Parasitologie 12, 199\u2013216."}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182004005153","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T21:48:47Z","timestamp":1554414527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182004005153\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,10]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182004005153"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182004005153","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0031-1820"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-8161"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,10]]}}}