{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:13:17Z","timestamp":1791191597321,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,14]],"date-time":"2004-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1095120000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182004005955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,13]],"date-time":"2004-10-13T17:36:03Z","timestamp":1097688963000},"page":"399-409","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["<i>Leishmania donovani<\/i> is the only cause of visceral leishmaniasis in East Africa; previous descriptions of <i>L. infantum<\/i> and \u201c<i>L. archibaldi<\/i>\u201d from this region are a consequence of convergent evolution in the isoenzyme data"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"M. B.","family":"JAMJOOM","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. W.","family":"ASHFORD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. A.","family":"BATES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. L.","family":"CHANCE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. J.","family":"KEMP","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. C.","family":"WATTS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. A.","family":"NOYES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RAYMOND, M. & ROUSSET, F. (1995).GENEPOP, Version 1\u00b72. Population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicisms.Journal of Heredity 86,249\u2013249.","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111573"},{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CASTELLANI, A. & CHALMERS, A. (1919). Manual of Tropical Medicine , Vol. 3.Balliere, Tindall and Cox,London.","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.84653"},{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref002","unstructured":"ASHFORD, R. W. (1986).Speculations on the origins and evolution of Old World Leishmania systems. In Leishmania: Taxonomy and Phylogeny (ed. Rioux, J. A. ), pp.257\u2013264.IMEEE,Montpellier."},{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref028","unstructured":"SWOFFORD, D. L. (1998).PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods). Version 4. Sinauer Associates,Sunderland, Massachusetts."},{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref021","unstructured":"MORENO, G. , RIOUX, J. A. , LANOTTE, G. , PRATLONG, F. & SERRES, E. (1986).Le complexe Leishmania donovani s.l. Analyse enzymatique et traitement numerique, individualisation du complexe Leishmania infantum, corollaires biogeographiques et phyletiques, apropos de 146 souches originaires de l'Ancien et du Nouveau Monde. In Leishmania: taxonomie phylogenese (ed. Rioux, J. A. ), pp.105\u2013118.IMEEE,Montpellier."},{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182001007466"},{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.07.003"},{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref016","unstructured":"LANOTTE, G. , RIOUX, J. A. & SERRES, E. (1986).Approche cladistique du genre Leishmania Ross, 1903. A propos de 192 souches originaires de l'Ancien Monde, analyse numerique de 50 zymodemes identifies par 15 enzymes et 96 isoenzymes. In Leishmania. Taxonomie et phylogenese. Applications Eco-Epidemiologiques (ed. Rioux, J. A. ), pp.269\u2013288.IMEEE,Montpellier."},{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref005","unstructured":"BRUMPT, E. (1936).Precis de Parasitologie.Masson et Cie,Paris."},{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(00)01637-9"},{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref015","unstructured":"LAINSON, R. & SHAW, J. J. (1987).Evolution, classification and geographical distribution. In The leishmaniases in biology and medicine (ed. Peters, W. & Killick-Kendrick, R. ), pp.1\u2013120.Academic Press,London."},{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GUERBOUJ, S. , VICTOIR, K. , GUIZANI, I. , SERIDI, N. , NUWAYRI-SALTI, N. , BELKAID, M. , BEN-ISMAIL, R. , LE-RAY, D. & DUJARDIN, J. C. (2001).Gp63 gene polymorphism and population structure of Leishmania donovani complex: influence of the host selection pressure?Parasitology 122,25\u201335.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000007125"},{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref001","unstructured":"ANON . (1990).Control of the leishmaniases. Report of a WHO Expert Committee.World Health Organization Technical Report Series 793,1\u2013158."},{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182002002238"},{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(00)01825-5"},{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00136-3"},{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182001007867"},{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref018","unstructured":"MAAZOUN, R. , PRATLONG, F. , LANOTTE, G. & RIOUX, J. A. (1986).Le complexe Leishmania major. A propos de l'analyse numerique de 35 souches identifi\u00e9es par le methode enzymatique. In Leishmania; Taxonomy and Phylogeny; Applications to ecology and epidemiology (ed. Rioux, J. A. ), pp.119\u2013128.IMEEE,Montpellier."},{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00091-7"},{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JAMJOOM, M. B. , ASHFORD, R. W. , BATES, P. A. , KEMP, S. J. & NOYES, H. A. (2002 a).Polymorphic microsatellite repeats are not conserved between Leishmania donovani and Leishmania major.Molecular Ecology Notes 2,104\u2013106.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-8286.2002.00161.x"},{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.2001.4592"},{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.15.4421-4434.2001"},{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ROZEN, S. & SKALETSKY, H. (2000).Primer3 on the WWW for general users and biologist programmers. In Bioinformatics Methods and Protocols (ed. Krawetz, S. A. & Misener, S. ), pp.365\u2013386.Humana Press,Totowa, NJ.","DOI":"10.1385\/1-59259-192-2:365"},{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JAMJOOM, M. B. , ASHFORD, R. W. , BATES, P. A. , KEMP, S. J. & NOYES, H. A. (2002 b).Towards a standard battery of microsatellite markers for the analysis of the Leishmania donovani complex.Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 96,265\u2013270.","DOI":"10.1179\/000349802125000790"},{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref007","unstructured":"CHANCE, M. L. & WALTON, B. C. (1982).In Proceedings of a Workshop held at the Pan American Health Organization 9\u201311 December, 1980 , pp.115\u2013121.UNDP\/World Bank\/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases,Geneva."},{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref022","unstructured":"NICOLI, R. (1963).Le genre Leishmania R. Ross, 1903.Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie Exotique 56,408\u2013416."},{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182001007594"},{"key":"S0031182004005955_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1990653111"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182004005955","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T17:11:52Z","timestamp":1750439512000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182004005955\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,14]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182004005955"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182004005955","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,14]]}}}