{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T09:30:01Z","timestamp":1770975001990,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,23]],"date-time":"2005-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1116806400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sex steroids play a significant role in regulating the parasite load in experimental intraperitoneal <jats:italic>Taenia crassiceps<\/jats:italic> cysticercosis of male and female Balbc\/anN mice. Briefly, oestrogens increase parasite loads and androgens decrease them (1) by acting directly on the parasite, favouring or hindering its reproduction, respectively, and (2) by biasing the hosts' immune response towards a parasite-permissive Th2 or a parasite-restrictive Th1 response. The infected male host also undergoes drastic endocrinological and behavioural changes that may impinge upon the course of infection, and the host's mating behaviour and its exposure to predators. In addition, at different times of infection, significant changes occur in the expression of <jats:italic>c-fos<\/jats:italic> in the host's hyppocampus, hypothalamus and preoptic area. Thus, the host's brain seems to sense and\/or react to intraperitoneal infection. The physiological domains of the network affected by the infection, which classically included the hypothalamus-pituitary-axis and the immune system, must now incorporate the host's sexual hormones and other areas of the brain. The network's complex circuitry and functions may help understand some basic questions of parasitology (i.e. the hosts' sexual dimorphism in parasite infections, host-parasite specificity, heterogeneity in the course and outcome of infections at different stages of parasite and host development). The plurality of elements and the complexity of the network that regulates the host-parasite relationship also point to additional strategies for the treatment and control of infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182005007894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,16]],"date-time":"2005-08-16T06:38:50Z","timestamp":1124174330000},"page":"287-294","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["The role of sex steroids in the complex physiology of the host-parasite relationship: the case of the larval cestode of <i>Taenia crassiceps<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"MORALES-MONTOR","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"LARRALDE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(96)80001-4"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(03)00206-6"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050522"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3283192"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(72)90014-8"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.7.3135"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(93)90264-W"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2001)087[0591:KACOCR]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/000349803235002353"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050565"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morales-Montor, J. , Hallal-Calleros, C. , Romano, M. and Dami\u00e1n, R. T. (2002 b).Inhibition of P-450 aromatase prevents feminisation & induces protection during cysticercosis.International Journal for Parasitology 32,1379\u20131387.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00130-3"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morales-Montor, J. , Arrieta, I. , Del Castillo, L. I. , Rodriguez-Dorantes, M. , Cerbon, M. A. and Larralde, C. (2004b).Remote sensing of intraperitoneal parasitism by the host's brain: regional changes of c-fos gene expression in the brain of feminized cysticercotic male mice.Parasitology 128,343\u2013351.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182003004529"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(90)90116-T"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref020","unstructured":"Larralde, C. , Padilla, A. , Hern\u00e1ndez, M. , Govezensky, T. , Sciutto, E. , Gutierrez, G. , Tapia-Conyer, R. , Salvatierra, B. and Sep\u00falveda, J. (1992).Seroepidemiology of cysticercosis in Mexico.Salud Publica de M\u00e9xico 34,197\u2013210."},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(89)90781-0"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3283646"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gourbal, B. E. , Righi, M. , Petit, G. and Gabrion, C. (2001).Parasite-altered host behavior in the face of a predator: manipulation or not?Parasitology Research 87,186\u2013192.","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00008573"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(00)00099-6"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref012","unstructured":"Fleury, A. , Dessein, A. , Preux, P. M. , Dumas, M. , Tapia, G. , Larralde, C. and Sciutto, E. (2004).Symptomatic human neurocysticercosis-age, sex and exposure factors relating with disease heterogeneity.Journal of Neurology 251,830\u2013837."},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref011","unstructured":"Esch, G. W. (2004). Parasites, People and Places .Cambridge University Press,Cambridge,UK."},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref010","unstructured":"Escobedo, G. , Larralde, C. , Chavarria, A. , Cerb\u00f3n, M. A. and Morales-Montor, J. (2005).Molecular mechanisms involved in the differential effects of sex-steroids on the reproduction and infectivity of Taenia crassiceps .Journal of Parasitology 90,1\u201310."},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(51)90005-7"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3283574"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3282744"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Addis, C. J. Jr. (1946).Experiments on the relation between sex hormones and the growth of tapeworms.Journal of Parasitology 32,229\u2013236.","DOI":"10.2307\/3272558"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sciutto, E. , Fragoso, G. , Trueba, L. , Lemus, D. , Montoya, R. M. , Diaz, M. L. , Govezensky, T. , Lomeli, C. , Tapia, G. and Larralde, C. (1990).Cysticercosis vaccine: cross protecting immunity with T. solium antigens against experimental murine T. crassiceps cysticercosis.Parasite Immunology 12,687\u2013696.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1990.tb00997.x"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.12.7955-7958.2001"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(69)90086-1"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3284533"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/z62-086"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00168-1"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(95)00062-5"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morales-Montor, J. , Chavarria, A. , De Leon, M. A. , Del Castillo, L. I. , Escobedo, E. G. , S\u00e1nchez, E. N. , Vargas, J. A. , Hernandez-Flores, M. , Romo-Gonzalez, T. and Larralde, C. (2004 a).Host gender in parasitic infections of mammals: an evaluation of the female host supremacy paradigm.Journal of Parasitology 90,531\u2013546.","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-113R3"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.2.1295"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref004","unstructured":"Arteaga, M. , Chavarria, A. and Morales-Montor, J. (2002).The immunoneuroendocrine communication network and the regulation of homeostasis: the use of hormones and neurohormones as immunotherapy.Revista de Investigacion Clinica 54,542\u2013549."},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.3.476-488.2001"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8749(87)90009-8"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050460"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00930866"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morales-Montor, J. , Baig, S. , Kabbani, A. and Damian, R. T. (2002 c).Do interleukin-6 and macrophage-migration inhibitory factor play a role during sex-associated susceptibility in murine cysticercosis?Parasitology Research 88,901\u2013914.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-002-0674-8"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.07.040189.001045"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.8.4527"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-6357(00)00125-X"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.1978.tb00014.x"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3283875"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gourbal, B. E. , Lacroix, A. and Gabrion, C. (2002).Behavioural dominance and Taenia crassiceps parasitism in BALB\/c male mice.Parasitology Research 88,912\u2013927.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-002-0691-7"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morales-Montor, J. , Baig, S. , Hallal-Calleros, C. and Damian, RT. (2002 a). Taenia crassiceps: androgen reconstitution of the host leads to protection during cysticercosis.Experimental Parasitology 100,209\u2013216.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4894(02)00028-0"},{"key":"S0031182005007894_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099004370"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182005007894","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]],"date-time":"2019-04-09T16:45:11Z","timestamp":1554828311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182005007894\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,23]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182005007894"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182005007894","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,23]]}}}