{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T13:42:08Z","timestamp":1758634928744},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,24]],"date-time":"2006-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1148428800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Transmission experiments were conducted to compare the transmissibility of genetically different<jats:italic>Trypanosoma congolense<\/jats:italic>(Savannah subgroup) strains isolated from cattle in a trypanosomiasis endemic area of eastern Zambia. A total of 17 strains were compared. Three strains were extremely virulent with a short pre-patent period, high parasitaemia and a short median survival time (between 5 and 9 days) in mice. The remainder of the strains belonged to the moderate (6 strains) or low (8 strains) virulence categories with median survival times between 10 and 30 days and &gt;30 days, respectively. Batches of 40 teneral<jats:italic>Glossina morsitans morsitans<\/jats:italic>(Diptera: Glossinidae) were offered a single bloodmeal on mice infected with one of those strains. Flies were dissected to determine their infection status 21 days later. The proportion of flies with procyclic and metacyclic infections differed significantly between trypanosome strains and were significantly higher in flies infected with extremely virulent strains (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7033 and<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7016 for the differences in the procyclic infection rate of strains with moderate and low virulence, respectively and<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7005 and<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0\u00b7019 for the differences in the metacyclic infection rate of strains with moderate and low virulence, respectively). On the other hand, moderately virulent strains had, in general, higher procyclic and metacyclic infection rates compared to low virulent strains. But the differences were not significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&gt;0\u00b705). The outcome of those experiments shows clear differences in transmissibility of trypanosome strains associated with their virulence. This observation confirms the theory for the evolution and maintenance of virulence in a parasite population and may explain the persistence of virulent trypanosome strains in a susceptible host population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182006000369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,24]],"date-time":"2006-05-24T12:09:01Z","timestamp":1148472541000},"page":"331-334","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Comparison of the transmissibility of<i>Trypanosoma congolense<\/i>strains, isolated in a trypanosomiasis endemic area of eastern Zambia, by<i>Glossina morsitans morsitans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"MASUMU","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"MARCOTTY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"NDELEDJE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"KUBI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"GEERTS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"VERCRUYSSE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"DORNY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"VAN DEN BOSSCHE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182006000369_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maudlin, I. , Dukes, P. , Luckins, A. G. and Hudson, K. M. (1986).Extrachromosomal inheritance of susceptibility to trypanosome infection in tsetse flies II. Susceptibility of selected lines of Glossina morsitans morsitans to different stocks and species of trypanosome.Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 80,97\u2013105.","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1986.11811987"},{"key":"S0031182006000369_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(97)00658-X"},{"key":"S0031182006000369_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van den Abbeele, J. , Claes, Y. , Van Bockstaele, D. , Le Ray, D. and Coosemans, M. (1999). Trypanosoma brucei spp. development in the tsetse fly: characterization of the post-mesocyclic stages in the foregut and proboscis.Parasitology 118,469\u2013478.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099004217"},{"key":"S0031182006000369_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masumu, J. , Marcotty, T. , Geysen, D. , Geerts, S. , Vercruysse, J. , Dorny, P. and Van den Bossche, P. 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(2002 b).Comparative pathogenicity of three genetically distinct Trypanosoma congolense-types in inbred Balb\/c mice.Veterinary Parasitology 105,111\u2013118.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00609-4"},{"key":"S0031182006000369_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leak, S. G. A. (1998). Tsetse Biology and Ecology: their Role in the Epidemiology and Control of Trypanosomosis .CABI Publishing,Wallingord Oxon.","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851993003.0000"},{"key":"S0031182006000369_ref015","unstructured":"STATACORP (2003). Stata Statistical Software: Release 8.0 .Stata Corporation,Texas."},{"key":"S0031182006000369_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000055360"},{"key":"S0031182006000369_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(03)53002-0"},{"key":"S0031182006000369_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bengaly, Z. , Sidibe, I. , Ganaba, R. , Desquesnes, M. , Boly, H. and Sawadogo, L. (2002 a).Comparative pathogenicity of three genetically distinct types of Trypanosoma congolense in cattle: clinical observations and haematological changes.Veterinary Parasitology 108,1\u201319.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00164-4"},{"key":"S0031182006000369_ref006","unstructured":"Elsen, P. , Van Hees, J. and De Lil, E. (1993).L'historique et les conditions d'\u00e9levage des lign\u00e9es de glossines (Diptera, Glossinidae) maintenues \u00e0 l'Institut de M\u00e9decine tropicale Prince L\u00e9opold d'Anvers.Journal of African Zoology 107,439\u2013449."},{"key":"S0031182006000369_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lloyd, L. L. and Johnson, W. B. 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