{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T14:57:27Z","timestamp":1758121047623},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,2]],"date-time":"2006-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149206400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ethylene glycol <jats:italic>bis<\/jats:italic> (\u03b2-aminoethylether)-<jats:italic>N,N,N,N<\/jats:italic>-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) is a chelating agent capable of binding to positively-charged metal ions, including a calcium-ion (Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>). Here, we demonstrated the inhibitory effect of the chemical on the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> asexual growth of the equine protozoan parasites, <jats:italic>Babesia caballi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Babesia equi<\/jats:italic>. The growth of both <jats:italic>B. caballi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. equi<\/jats:italic> was significantly inhibited in the presence of EGTA (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>=1\u00b727 and 2\u00b725 m<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>, respectively). Under microscopical observation, increased percentages of extracellular merozoites in the total parasites were detected in both of the cultures treated with high concentrations of EGTA. In contrast, further addition of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> to the EGTA-treated cultures prevented the parasites from clearing and the percentages of extracellular merozoites from increasing. As for <jats:italic>B. caballi<\/jats:italic>, an invasion test using high-voltage pulsing proved that EGTA has an inhibitory effect to their erythrocyte invasion. These results suggest that Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> is involved in erythrocyte invasion by equine <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> parasites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182006000436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,2]],"date-time":"2006-06-02T03:55:31Z","timestamp":1149220531000},"page":"289-294","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Calcium-ions are involved in erythrocyte invasion by equine <i>Babesia<\/i> parasites"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"OKUBO","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"WILAWAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"BORK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"OKAMURA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"YOKOYAMA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"IGARASHI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182006000436_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bork, S. , Yokoyama, N. , Matsuo, T. , Claveria, F. G. , Fujisaki, K. and Igarashi, I. (2003 b).Clotrimazole, ketoconazole, and clodinafop-propargyl as potent growth inhibitors of equine Babesia parasites during in vitro culture.Journal of Parasitology 89,604\u2013606.","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2003)089[0604:CKACAP]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"S0031182006000436_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.2.800-803.2003"},{"key":"S0031182006000436_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60122a026"},{"key":"S0031182006000436_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.10.5822-5826.2002"},{"key":"S0031182006000436_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bork, S. , Yokoyama, N. , Matsuo, T. , Claveria, F. G. , Fujisaki, K. and Igarashi, I. (2003 a).Growth inhibitory effect of triclosan on equine and bovine Babesia parasites.American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 68,334\u2013340.","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.68.334"},{"key":"S0031182006000436_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200310145"},{"key":"S0031182006000436_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(03)00041-8"},{"key":"S0031182006000436_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.1994.1058"},{"key":"S0031182006000436_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074873001129002114"},{"key":"S0031182006000436_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1982.242.5.C404"},{"key":"S0031182006000436_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050431"},{"key":"S0031182006000436_ref012","unstructured":"Kuttler, K. L. (1988).World-wide impact of babesiosis. In Babesiosis of Domestic Animals and Men (ed. Ristic, M. ), pp.1\u201322.CRC Press,Boca Raton, Florida."},{"key":"S0031182006000436_ref016","unstructured":"Schein, E. (1988).Equine babesiosis. In Babesiosis of Domestic Animals and Men (ed. Ristic, M. ), pp.197\u2013208.CRC Press,Boca Raton, Florida."},{"key":"S0031182006000436_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.59.479"},{"key":"S0031182006000436_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200212130"},{"key":"S0031182006000436_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35017112"},{"key":"S0031182006000436_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2001)087[1484:AOAGPF]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"S0031182006000436_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000000998"},{"key":"S0031182006000436_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(03)00091-2"},{"key":"S0031182006000436_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01993964"},{"key":"S0031182006000436_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.01495"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182006000436","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T15:55:32Z","timestamp":1554134132000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182006000436\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,2]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182006000436"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182006000436","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,2]]}}}