{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T18:56:48Z","timestamp":1775501808333,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,11]],"date-time":"2006-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1160524800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cysteine proteinases from the fruit and latex of plants, including papaya, pineapple and fig, were previously shown to have a rapid detrimental effect,<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, against the rodent gastrointestinal nematodes,<jats:italic>Heligmosomoides polygyrus<\/jats:italic>(which is found in the anterior small intestine) and<jats:italic>Trichuris muris<\/jats:italic>(which resides in the caecum). Proteinases in the crude latex of papaya also showed anthelmintic efficacy against both nematodes<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. In this paper, we describe the<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>effects of these plant extracts against the rodent nematode,<jats:italic>Protospirura muricola<\/jats:italic>, which is found in the stomach. As in earlier work, all the plant cysteine proteinases examined, with the exception of actinidain from the juice of kiwi fruit, caused rapid loss of motility and digestion of the cuticle, leading to death of the nematode<jats:italic>in vitro. In vivo<\/jats:italic>, in contrast to the efficacy against<jats:italic>H. polygyrus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>T. muris<\/jats:italic>, papaya latex only showed efficacy against<jats:italic>P. muricola<\/jats:italic>adult female worms when the stomach acidity had been neutralized prior to administration of papaya latex. Therefore, collectively, our studies have demonstrated that, with the appropriate formulation, plant cysteine proteinases have efficacy against nematodes residing throughout the rodent gastrointestinal tract.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182006001302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,11]],"date-time":"2006-10-11T09:21:13Z","timestamp":1160558473000},"page":"103-112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Anthelmintic action of plant cysteine proteinases against the rodent stomach nematode,<i>Protospirura muricola<\/i>,<i>in vitro<\/i>and<i>in vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"STEPEK","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. E.","family":"LOWE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. 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