{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T03:29:53Z","timestamp":1773286193410,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,11]],"date-time":"2006-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1160524800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Since an indirect fluorescence immunoassay (IFA) for the detection of specific antibodies against<jats:italic>Babesia divergens<\/jats:italic>in human sera is not commercially available, an in-house prepared<jats:italic>B. divergens<\/jats:italic>IFA for the examination of bovine sera was established for serological studies in humans. To determine whether the described IFA is appropriate for such studies, 2<jats:italic>B. divergens<\/jats:italic>antigens (of human or bovine origin) were tested using serum samples obtained from febrile human patients with a history of \u2018tick bite\u2019. Sera from other species of animals infected with<jats:italic>B. divergens<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>EU1,<jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic>or<jats:italic>B. canis<\/jats:italic>were also included for comparative purposes. All serum samples were also tested using a commercially available IFA for the detection of antibodies against<jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic>, and the results compared with those obtained using blood smear and molecular techniques. This study showed that the evaluation and standardization of a<jats:italic>B. divergens<\/jats:italic>IFA for testing human sera is critical and that different<jats:italic>B. divergens<\/jats:italic>antigens provide different end-point titres of antibodies, leading to false negative or positive results. Serological cross-reactivity between<jats:italic>B. divergens<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>EU1 needs to be taken into account when interpreting IFA results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182006001387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,11]],"date-time":"2006-10-11T09:47:48Z","timestamp":1160560068000},"page":"179-185","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Evaluation of an indirect fluorescence immunoassay for the detection of serum antibodies against<i>Babesia divergens<\/i>in humans"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"DUH","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"JELOV\u0161EK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"AV\u0161I\u010c-\u017dUPANC","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182006001387_ref016","unstructured":"Karbowiak, G. 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