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Albendazole and mebendazole are presently used for chemotherapeutical treatment. However, these benzimidazoles do not appear to be parasiticidal<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>against AE. In addition, failures in drug treatments as well as the occurrence of side-effects have been reported. New drugs are needed to cure AE and CE, which are considered to be neglected diseases. Strategies currently being implemented to identify novel chemotherapeutical treatment options include (i) conventional primary<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>testing of broad-spectrum anti-infective drugs, either in parallel with, or followed by, animal experimentation; (ii) studies of drugs which interfere with the proliferation of cancer cells and of<jats:italic>Echinococcus<\/jats:italic>metacestodes; (iii) exploitation of the similarities between the parasite and mammalian signalling machineries, with a special focus on targeting specific signalling receptors; (iv)<jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>approaches, employing the current<jats:italic>Echinococcus<\/jats:italic>genomic database information to search for suitable targets for compounds with known modes of action. In the present article, we review the efforts toward obtaining better anti-parasitic compounds which have been undertaken to improve chemotherapeutical treatment of echinococcosis, and summarize the achievements in the field of host-parasite interactions which may also lead to new immuno-therapeutical options.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182007003198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,16]],"date-time":"2007-07-16T10:27:03Z","timestamp":1184581623000},"page":"1657-1670","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Innovative chemotherapeutical treatment options for alveolar and cystic echinococcosis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"HEMPHILL","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"SPICHER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"STADELMANN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"MUELLER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"NAGULESWARAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"GOTTSTEIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"WALKER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182007003198_ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2006.00060.x"},{"key":"S0031182007003198_ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(03)00208-X"},{"key":"S0031182007003198_ref121","first-page":"682","article-title":"Effect of anti-hydatid drugs on carbohydrate metabolism of metacestode of Echinococcus granulosus","volume":"108","author":"Xiao","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chinese Medical Journal"},{"key":"S0031182007003198_ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(87)90366-X"},{"key":"S0031182007003198_ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.1.527-536.2004"},{"key":"S0031182007003198_ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600790713"},{"key":"S0031182007003198_ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2005.11.007"},{"key":"S0031182007003198_ref114","first-page":"67","article-title":"Cellular immune response in Echinococcus multilocularis infection in humans. 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