{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:15:47Z","timestamp":1791472547517,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,21]],"date-time":"2008-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1200873600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>In East Africa,<jats:italic>Fasciola gigantica<\/jats:italic>is generally the causative agent of fasciolosis but there have been reports of<jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic>in cattle from highland regions of Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda and Zaire. The topography of the Southern Highlands of Tanzania provides an environment where the climatic conditions exist for the sustenance of lymnaeid species capable of supporting both<jats:italic>Fasciola hepatica<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>. Theoretically this would allow interaction between fasciolid species and the possible creation of hybrids. In this report we present molecular data confirming the existence of the snail,<jats:italic>Lymnaea truncatula<\/jats:italic>, at high altitude on the Kitulo Plateau of the Southern Highlands, Tanzania, along with morphometric and molecular data confirming the presence of<jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic>in the corresponding area. At lower altitudes, where climatic conditions were unfavourable for the existence of<jats:italic>L. truncatula<\/jats:italic>, the presence of its sister species<jats:italic>L. natalensis<\/jats:italic>was confirmed by molecular data along with its preferred fasciolid parasite,<jats:italic>F. gigantica<\/jats:italic>. Analysis based on a 618\u00a0bp sequence of the 28S rRNA gene did not reveal the presence of hybrid fasciolids in our fluke samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182007004076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,21]],"date-time":"2008-01-21T11:23:26Z","timestamp":1200914606000},"page":"495-503","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["The distribution of<i>Fasciola hepatica<\/i>and<i>Fasciola gigantica<\/i>within southern Tanzania\u00a0\u2013\u00a0constraints associated with the intermediate host"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"S.\u00a0M.","family":"WALKER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.\u00a0E.","family":"MAKUNDI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.\u00a0V.","family":"NAMUBA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.\u00a0A.","family":"KASSUKU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"KEYYU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.\u00a0M.","family":"HOEY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"PR\u00d6DOHL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.\u00a0R.","family":"STOTHARD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"TRUDGETT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182007004076_ref037","volume-title":"Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa Parasites of Domesticated Animals","author":"Soulsby","year":"1982"},{"key":"S0031182007004076_ref031","first-page":"733","article-title":"Diagnosis of Fasciola gigantica in snails using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay","volume":"33","author":"Mostafa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society for Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182007004076_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-005-5688-7"},{"key":"S0031182007004076_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(98)00137-X"},{"key":"S0031182007004076_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)60363-2"},{"key":"S0031182007004076_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(96)00631-6"},{"key":"S0031182007004076_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(98)00136-8"},{"key":"S0031182007004076_ref016","first-page":"55","article-title":"Observations of fascioliasis in Tanganyika","volume":"13","author":"Hammond","year":"1965","journal-title":"Bulletin of Epizootic Diseases in Africa"},{"key":"S0031182007004076_ref025","first-page":"65","volume-title":"Immunology, Pathobiology and Control of Fasciolosis","author":"Malone","year":"1994"},{"key":"S0031182007004076_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200600014X"},{"key":"S0031182007004076_ref015","first-page":"95","article-title":"BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT","volume":"41","author":"Hall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Symposium Series"},{"key":"S0031182007004076_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389"},{"key":"S0031182007004076_ref033","unstructured":"Namuba F.\u00a0V. , Makundi A.\u00a0E. and Kassuku A.\u00a0A. (2003). Studies of fasciolosis in the domestic stock with special reference to the finding of Fasciola hepatica for the first time in the southern highland of Tanzania. In Proceedings of the 23rd Tanzania Veterinary Association Conference, Arusha, 2\u20134th December 2003."},{"key":"S0031182007004076_ref040","volume-title":"PAUP: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony, Version 3.1","author":"Swofford","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0031182007004076_ref024","unstructured":"Makundi A.\u00a0E. (2001). Epidemiology and control of fasciolosis and schistosomosis in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Ph.D. thesis. 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