{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T16:23:01Z","timestamp":1758126181233},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,21]],"date-time":"2008-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1200873600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>, a genus of endosymbiotic bacteria of filarial worms, represent novel targets for anti-filarial therapy. The efficacy of compounds against<jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>has been evaluated using antiserum raised against the 60\u00a0kDa heat shock protein (HSP60) which binds specifically to this protein in both<jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>and mitochondria. It has been shown that<jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>stains (using such specific probes) stronger than the mitochondria in untreated<jats:italic>Onchocerca volvulus<\/jats:italic>, whereas after the depletion of<jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>(with drugs) staining of the mitochondria is increased. Herein, immunogold electron microscopy showed that specific anti-HSP60 serum specifically labelled<jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>and filarial mitochondria, and that both have distinct localization patterns, thus allowing them to be differentiated. Immunohistochemistry of<jats:italic>O. volvulus<\/jats:italic>showed that HSP60 staining is increased in the mitochondria after<jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>depletion in the hypodermis, epithelia, muscles, oocytes, embryos, and developing spermatozoa. This could have been the result of the antiserum preferentially binding to the<jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>when they are present or due to increased expression of the protein in the absence of the bacteria. To address this, mRNA levels of filarial<jats:italic>hsp60<\/jats:italic>in<jats:italic>O. volvulus<\/jats:italic>were measured. After the depletion of<jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>, the transcription of<jats:italic>hsp60<\/jats:italic>was significantly greater (7\u00b77 fold) compared with untreated worms. We hypothesize that the increased expression of HSP60 in the absence of<jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>is due to a disruption of the homeostasis of the endosymbiosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s003118200700409x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,21]],"date-time":"2008-01-21T11:23:54Z","timestamp":1200914634000},"page":"529-538","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The mitochondrial heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) is up-regulated in<i>Onchocerca volvulus<\/i>after the depletion of<i>Wolbachia<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"K.\u00a0M.","family":"PFARR","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"HEIDER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"SCHMETZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.\u00a0W.","family":"B\u00dcTTNER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"HOERAUF","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"S003118200700409X_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-002-0765-6","article-title":"Immunohistochemical\/immunogold detection and distribution of the endosymbiont Wolbachia of Dirofilaria immitis and Brugia pahangi using a polyclonal antiserum raised against WSP (Wolbachia surface protein)","volume":"89","author":"Kramer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Parasitology Research"},{"key":"S003118200700409X_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2003.09.004"},{"key":"S003118200700409X_ref008","first-page":"122","article-title":"The fine structure of adult Onchocerca volvulus IV. 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