{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T16:12:56Z","timestamp":1793808776098,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,16]],"date-time":"2009-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1239840000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>We characterized 15 <jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic> isolates from bats captured in the Amazon, Central and Southeast Brazilian regions. Phylogenetic relationships among <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> lineages using SSU rDNA, cytochrome b, and Histone H2B genes positioned all Amazonian isolates into <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> I (TCI). However, bat isolates from the other regions, which had been genotyped as <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> II (TC II) by the traditional genotyping method based on mini-exon gene employed in this study, were not nested within any of the previously defined TCII sublineages, constituting a new genotype designated as TCbat. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that TCbat indeed belongs to <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> and not to other closely related bat trypanosomes of the subgenus <jats:italic>Schizotrypanum<\/jats:italic>, and that although separated by large genetic distances TCbat is closest to lineage TCI. A genotyping method targeting ITS1 rDNA distinguished TCbat from established <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> lineages, and from other <jats:italic>Schizotrypanum<\/jats:italic> species. In experimentally infected mice, TCbat lacked virulence and yielded low parasitaemias. Isolates of TCbat presented distinctive morphological features and behaviour in triatomines. To date, TCbat genotype was found only in bats from anthropic environments of Central and Southeast Brazil. Our findings indicate that the complexity of <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> is larger than currently known, and confirmed bats as important reservoirs and potential source of <jats:italic>T. cruzi<\/jats:italic> infections to humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182009005861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,16]],"date-time":"2009-04-16T08:21:45Z","timestamp":1239870105000},"page":"641-655","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":235,"title":["A new genotype of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/i> associated with bats evidenced by phylogenetic analyses using SSU rDNA, cytochrome b and Histone H2B genes and genotyping based on ITS1 rDNA"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"MARCILI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"LIMA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"JR.","given":"M.","family":"CAVAZZANA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. C. V.","family":"JUNQUEIRA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. H.","family":"VELUDO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"MAIA DA SILVA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"CAMPANER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"PAIVA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V. L. B.","family":"NUNES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. M. G.","family":"TEIXEIRA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(81)90145-0"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182098003473"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004005931"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182005008929"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref014","first-page":"13","article-title":"Estudo sobre reservat\u00f3rios e vetores silvestres do Trypanosoma cruzi. XXXVIII. Infec\u00e7\u00e3o natural do morcego Desmodus rotundus rotundus (Geoffroy, 1810) pelo T. cruzi","volume":"30","author":"Funayama","year":"1970","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Biologia"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(96)02755-7"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.104.038745"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2005.5.72"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3284730"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.05.015"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.09.015"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.08.009"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86821986000100007"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref013","first-page":"439","article-title":"Studies of wild reservoirs and vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi. LIV. Natural bat infection, Epitesicus brasiliensis brasiliensis (Desmarest, 1819) by T. cruzi","volume":"33","author":"Funayama","year":"1973","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Biologia"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.121187198"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182003004554"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref028","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Biology of the Kinetoplastida","author":"Marinkelle","year":"1976"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.04.020"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00238-7"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1978.27.483"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-1348(02)00130-2"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref004","first-page":"615","article-title":"Estudos sobre reservat\u00f3rios e vetores silvestres do Trypanosoma cruzi. LVII. Infec\u00e7\u00e3o natural do Phyllostomus hastatus hastatus (Tallas, 1767) pelo T. cruzi","volume":"34","author":"Barreto","year":"1974","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Biologia"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref043","volume-title":"PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis using Parsimony (* and Other Methods). Version 4","author":"Swofford","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-1348(02)00097-7"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(95)00066-A"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref008","first-page":"163","article-title":"Biological and morphological characterization and phylogenetic relationship of bat trypanosomes","volume":"45","author":"Cavazzana","year":"2003","journal-title":"Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msi180"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X1991000100006"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90350-5"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2008.00342.x"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref015","first-page":"439","article-title":"Estudo sobre reservat\u00f3rios e vetores silvestres do Trypanosoma cruzi. XLI. Infec\u00e7\u00e3o natural do morcego Tadarida laticaudata (Geoffroy, 1805) pelo T. cruzi","volume":"30","author":"Funayama","year":"1970","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Biologia"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762000000400019"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182006001259"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2006.12.003"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.06.004"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.11.005"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.79.427","article-title":"Rural Triatoma rubrovaria from southern Brazil harbors Trypanosoma cruzi of lineage IIc","volume":"79","author":"Martins","year":"2008","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref031","first-page":"195","volume-title":"Parasitic Protozoa","author":"Molyneux","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2007.05.003"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1407.080175"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl446"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00264-3"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762007005000068"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.10.024"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00931591"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2008.08.006"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.11.002"},{"key":"S0031182009005861_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2007.03371.x"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182009005861","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T18:55:30Z","timestamp":1556650530000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182009005861\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,16]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182009005861"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182009005861","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,16]]}}}