{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T22:58:29Z","timestamp":1777417109701,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,3]],"date-time":"2009-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1243987200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>Guidelines recommend praziquantel (PZQ) for the treatment and control of schistosomiasis, with no real alternative. Metrifonate was still widely used against <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic> in the 1990s, and then withdrawn. Experimental studies and clinical trials suggest that artemisinin compounds are active against <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>. In a Cochrane systematic review assessing the efficacy and safety of drugs for treating urinary schistosomiasis, 24 randomized controlled trials (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=6315 individuals) met our inclusion criteria. These trials compared a variety of single agent and combination regimens with PZQ, metrifonate or artemisinin derivatives. The review confirmed that both the standard recommended doses of PZQ (single 40 mg\/kg oral dose) and metrifonate (3\u00d77\u00b75\u201310 mg\/kg oral doses administered fortnightly) are efficacious and safe in treating urinary schistosomiasis, but there is no study comparing these two regimens head-to-head. There is currently not enough evidence to evaluate artemisinin compounds. Most of the studies included in the Cochrane systematic review were insufficiently powered, lacked standardization in assessing and reporting outcomes, and had a number of methodological limitations. In this paper we discuss the implications of these findings with respect to public health and research methodology and propose priority research needs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182009005939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,3]],"date-time":"2009-06-03T13:44:29Z","timestamp":1244036669000},"page":"1837-1849","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Treatment of urinary schistosomiasis: methodological issues and research needs identified through a Cochrane systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"DANSO-APPIAH","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"GARNER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. L.","family":"OLLIARO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"UTZINGER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e328318978f"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.08.002"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref055","first-page":"747","article-title":"Effect of metrifonate on blood cholinesterases in children during the treatment of schistosomiasis","volume":"46","author":"Plestina","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.06.033035","article-title":"Assessment of the age-specific disability weight of chronic schistosomiasis japonica","volume":"85","author":"Jia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.5.2.263"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref070","volume-title":"Review Manager (RevMan) 4.2 for Windows","year":"2003"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref068","first-page":"13","article-title":"Efficacy of low doses of praziquantel for Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium","volume":"91","author":"Taylor","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2001.00785.x"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-8-200104170-00012"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref074","unstructured":"WHO (2002). Prevention and control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis: report of a WHO expert committee. WHO Technical Repoort Series No. 912, 1\u201357."},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-077X(83)80044-4"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref058","first-page":"57","article-title":"Comparaison de trois posologies de metrifonate en chimiotherapie de masse contre Schistosoma haematobium","volume":"44","author":"Rey","year":"1984","journal-title":"M\u00e9decine Tropicale"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.68.24","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral artemether for the prevention of patent Schistosoma haematobium infections","volume":"68","author":"N'Goran","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(03)00003-8"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref053","first-page":"605","article-title":"Praziquantel in the treatment of mixed S. haematobium and S. mansoni infections","volume":"31","author":"Omer","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-8-200104170-00011"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(90)90333-A"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003155.pub3"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.725"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66457-4"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref038","first-page":"105","article-title":"Treatment with praziquantel of schoolchildren with concurrent Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium infections in Gezira, Sudan","volume":"88","author":"Kardaman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref054","first-page":"581","article-title":"Clinical experience with praziquantel in the treatment of Nigerian patients infected with S. haematobium","volume":"31","author":"Oyediran","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2001180"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/000349804225003460"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2003.09.005"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1981.tb03261.x"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(92)90144-Q"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2006.03.003"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(86)90184-0"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7303.42"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.83","article-title":"Factors affecting infection or reinfection with Schistosoma haematobium in coastal Kenya: survival analysis during a nine-year, school-based treatment program","volume":"75","author":"Satayathum","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000209"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref016","first-page":"568","article-title":"Tolerance and efficacy of praziquantel in phase II A and II B therapeutic trials in Zambian patients","volume":"31","author":"Davis","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.286.6363.429"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1985.159"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200012000-00014"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70521-7"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00560463"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref075","first-page":"83","article-title":"Comparative trials of regimes for the treatment of urinary schistosomiasis in The Gambia","volume":"90","author":"Wilkins","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref073","first-page":"105","article-title":"Artemisinins for schistosomiasis and beyond","volume":"8","author":"Utzinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1985.34.1109"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00558502"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.778","article-title":"Efficacy of praziquantel against Schistosoma haematobium infection in children","volume":"71","author":"Tchuem Tchuent\u00e9","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1988.39.295"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(98)01315-5"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1976.11687132"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6202.1396"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1989.40.507"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182003004128"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1999.00486.x"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540080059030"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(02)00003-7"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470712184"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000053.pub2"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(93)90009-Z"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(95)00026-7"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1989.41.436"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref004","first-page":"404","article-title":"The impact of Schistosoma haematobium infection and of praziquantel treatment on the growth of primary school children in Bertoua, Cameroon","volume":"95","author":"Befidi-Mengue","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314686"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1358\/dof.2006.031.05.984953"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2007.05.031"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/324004"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(87)90360-9"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.10.2903-2904.2000"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref023","first-page":"557","article-title":"Therapeutic and operational profiles of metrifonate and praziquantel in Schistosoma haematobium infection","volume":"49","author":"Feldmeier","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref024","first-page":"357","article-title":"Clinical experience with metrifonate. Review with emphasis on its use in endemic areas","volume":"44","author":"Feldmeier","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00351766"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000244"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1983.11811688"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1978.11719309"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(01)02209-7"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000158"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07750-4"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.5.1487-1495.2003"},{"key":"S0031182009005939_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.11.015"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182009005939","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T10:09:58Z","timestamp":1556618998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182009005939\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,3]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182009005939"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182009005939","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,3]]}}}